School Violence In Virgin Islands

School violence poses a great risk in the development of any nation but not only in the US as a whole or the Virgin Islands. School violence is a very serious problem especially in the public schools and it is both found in urban and sub urban areas of the Virgin Islands. It would a wasted effort to try to improve the quality of education without taking school violence as a serious problem, thus looking for ways to solve it no matter the quality of teachers we employ or the curriculum since violence makes learning difficult. School violence comes in very different forms which include; o Intimidation o Gang activity Use of guns and other dangerous weapons o Theft of lockers o Assault or o Anything that will cause a victim Victims of school violence could be teachers, students and members of non teaching staff and ranges from planned attacks to unintentional murders of by standers. There are nearly three million robberies and acts of violence happening in or in the neighborhoods of sch ool campuses yearly according to the National Crime survey of May 2001. This is about sixteen thousand occurrences per school per day and also almost all crimes against teenagers happen in schools or in the neighborhoods (Hurwitz, Menacker, Weldon, 1987 p5). The chances of a violent incident occurring in a school are increased if there is a student with a gun. Possession of guns by students while in school is a common occurrence and many parents are constantly worried about the safety of their kids who are in school. Around 15% of students in the Virgin Islands report the presence of gangs in their schools and many fear of being attacked while in school or on their way to the school and 61% of all crimes are committed by students (Boyer, 2008, p334). There is various prevention measures put in place in the Virgin Islands for controlling school violence. School safety is treated as a priority within each campus and the neighborhood. Programs encompassing parents, students, teachers, police officers, religious leaders, the courts and any other leader who is in charge of ethnic and racial balance in the community. These people help in determining case of planned violence and also setting up plans for stopping acts of violence before they happen. The school environment is set up in such a way that it creates a positive climate for the students. All employees in each school are encouraged to participate in creating this welcoming environment so as to eradicate any negativity in the students, since this goes a long way in reducing cases of violence. Schools have also established a procedures for tracking crimes and for record keeping, it records crime types, when, where and why they happened and any other important data. The data is then examined to determine the trends, the persons involved and any new patterns so as to come with measures of countering it (Furlong, Bates, Smith, 2004 pp240-263). Establishment of communication centers using the latest technologies for that is capable of getting in touch with the appropriate administrators in case of an emergency. These allows for quick response so as minimize chances of aggravating the injuries which might occur during the violence. Students who have the tendency of bringing weapons to school should be counseled, given the necessary support or referred to the suitable resources in the community and where necessary transferred to other schools. Probation officers are placed in campuses in communities experiencing severe cases of violence so as to give the students thorough supervision. Some of the above programs might fail to work in some communities but work in others because school settings are different from one school to the other. Students have formed groups which report any violence acts and the culprits. The youth contact patrols in their campuses and neighborhoods and are provided with adequate security without causing confrontations with those they find engaging in crime (United States District Court (Virgin Islands), 1982 pp290- 296). There is amicable solution of grievances which is done by using dialogue to end conflicts thus making sure that cases of revenge are minimized. This is because if some of these problems are not solved once and for all it might cause planned attacks which can happen even outside the school. Students are encouraged to engage in extra curricular activities during their free time so as to reduce the chances of getting themselves in to drugs, since this is a major cause for violence. Students who are found to be in drugs are counseled and advised to visit rehabilitation centers so that they quit these habits. Some of the traditional methods for crime prevention particularly in cases of indiscipline are limited either by the legislature or the judiciary but parents have the powers to determine the types of punishments to be administered to their children even if it is corporal punishment. It is also difficult to establish the measures that work best due to the fact that schools are of different settings. Some of these measures are limited in public schools since the government has the mandate to ascertain that power is not abused in cases where learning is a must and attending given schools is compulsory. This limitation on public schools makes them more violent as compared to private schools and this encourages the establishment of the private schools since most parents want the best for their children. Some of the legislations are kind of encouraging violence in public schools. But it is advisable for school administrators to keep on innovating new methods for countering this problem and to keep on trying the old ones as well as the established. Parents are also encouraged to take an active role in the up bringing of their children so as top ensure that they grow up in to responsible adults. It is also advisable to break up large schools in to small ones because supervising a small number of students is easier. There should be different schools for boys and girls since there seems to more violence in mixed schools than there are in boys or girls’ only schools. The government should also relax some of its legislations so as to allow teachers and parents of public schools to make their own measures for different types of indiscipline in the students (Preventing School Violence: Top Five Ways To Build Stronger Student-adult Relationships, available online).

Conductng a Internal Analysis Within Kraft’s Corporation

CONDUCTING AN INTERNAL ANALYSIS WITHIN KRAFT’S CORPORATION INTERNAL ANALYSIS AND SWOT ANALYSIS TRIDENT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL AVIE MARIE JOHNSTONE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MGT599 MODULE 2 SESSION LONG PROJECT PROFESSOR LARRY BANKS NOVEMBER 5, 2012 Rapid growth and under developed financial and operational controls are common characteristics of many start-up operations, including companies, joint ventures, departments and divisions. Inadequate or improperly working controls can lead to fraud, loss of customers, and even business failure.Managers of start-up operations often fail to adequately address the need for controls because they lack the knowledge of how to address control risk, lack resources to address control risk, or they perceive other issues as being more critical. The manager’s dilemma is how to efficiently balance the need for strong controls with the everyday demands associated with running a newly formed business. (Denise Dickins, Margaret O’Hara, Jo hn Reisch). (2009). Resources are the inputs into a production process.They can be capital, equipment, patents, skill sets of individual employees and/or managers, financial resources, etc. Resources can be tangible or intangible. Individually, they may not necessarily lead to a competitive advantage – it is how they are used and the synergies they create that make them strategically valuable. Give me as much information as you can find about the following as it relates to the Kraft Foods Company: Tangible Resources Physical Resources S&P Dow Jones Indices, a unit of McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. , said that Kraft Foods Group Inc. will replace Alpha Natural Resources Inc. n the S&P 500, Alpha Natural Resources will replace Korn/Ferry International in the S&P Mid Cap 400, and Korn/Ferry will replace Pulse Electronics Corp. in the S&P Small Cap 600 after the close of trading on Monday, October 1. S&P 100 & 500 constituent Kraft Foods Inc. is spinning off Kraft Foods Group to share holders in a transaction expected to be effective after the close of trading on that date. The Kraft Foods stub, which will change its name to Mondelez International Inc. and its ticker symbol to MDLZ, will remain in the S&P 100 & 500. (Kraft Foods Group to Replace Alpha Natural Resources In S&P 500). Nov. 7, 2012). 2. Financial Resources Kraft Foods, the newly independent company that was spun-off from its parent last month, reported stronger-than-expected third-quarter earnings and sales on Wednesday and reaffirmed its full-year guidance. The North American grocery business operating brands such as Oscar Mayer and Kraft cheese posted net earnings of $470 million, or 79 cents a share, compared with a year-earlier profit of $417 million, or 70 cents. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Analysts in a Thomson Reuters poll were looking for earnings of just 69 cents.A reflection of stronger volumes and pricing as well as increased advertising investment, revenue for the three-month p eriod ended Sept. 30 grew 3% to $4. 61 billion from $4. 47 billion a year ago, edging above the Street’s view of $4. 56 billion. For the fiscal year of 2013, Kraft Foods had reaffirmed the GAAP EPS view of $2. 60 stating that the revenue was expected to grow in line with the North American food and beverage market. The consensus, excluding special items, was to look for a full of year earnings of $2. 66 on sales of $19. 28 billion. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). 3. Human ResourcesThe food industry is one of the most highly competitive centers of commerce worldwide. Consumer demand for high-value, healthy, convenient foods; advancing technology; globalization; and new distribution methods keep leaders and frontline employees in a state of constant change with comparable demands on human resources professionals. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). â€Å"It shows just how open Kraft Foods is to new approaches. † That focus has helped Kraft Foods become the world’s second -largest food company, with annual revenues of approximately US$50 billion and sales in more than 160 countries.It also keeps HR strategists on the lookout for better ways to attract and recruit key talent, streamline processes and maintain operational excellence. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). Kraft Foods decision makers determined that one lever to support those efforts and an ambitious multiyear transformation was to outsource selective back-office functions, said Karen Isaacson, Kraft Foods’ vice president of HR administration outsourcing. To that end, they sought a transformation partner that could deliver an integrated solution to help them meet technology and functional needs, and support their growth strategy.Kraft Foods’ search led to IBM. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). 4. Other? Kraft Foods Group Inc stood by its full-year outlook on Wednesday as it works to better tailor its product portfolio to a weak economy in North America, the only region the newly independent company no w operates in. Kraft was spun off last month from the maker of Cadbury chocolates and Oreo cookies, which goes by the name of Mondelez International. Unlike Mondelez, which got some 45 percent of its sales from developing markets, Kraft focused on slower growing North America? Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Further, U. S. consumers face stubbornly high unemployment and slow economic growth. In the weakened economy, Kraft had to drive their sales volume with more advertising and a greater range of products and prices, in what they called a â€Å"good, better, best† strategy. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). â€Å"The economic environment has not improved and that creates a burning platform for Kraft, our customers and our industry. † Kraft shares were down 22 cents, or 0. 5 percent, at $44. 48 in late morning trade.The broader market, as measured by the S&P 500 index, was down more than 2 percent, a day. Kraft said net income rose to $470 million, or 79 ce nts per share, from $417 million, or 70 cents per share, a year earlier. Revenue increased 3 percent to $4. 61 billion. Most of the increase came from volume gains and selling a more expensive mix of products, with a smaller contribution from price increases. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). The company affirmed its 2013 outlook, calling for earnings of $2. 60 per share and revenue growth in line with the rest of the North American food and beverage market.Kraft’s revenue in the current fourth quarter would be flat to down due to a comparison with the years earlier period when retailers increased orders in advance of a price increase. Kraft would eventually lose sales of some of its products that it pruned from its portfolio. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). Intangible Resources 1. Technical Resources In applications from salty to sweet, the Kraft Food Ingredients technology team did offer ingredient solutions and application technology across a wide range of ma nufacturing processes. (Ask KFIC). (2010).Leveraging the knowledge of the parent company Kraft, there was an understanding of the basic science of food processing, as well as the art. In the dedicated application labs, Kraft Foods place a special emphasis on developing cost reduction technologies, translating to lower finished product costs for the customer. Kraft’s employers were the leaders in flavor technology and did play a key role in identifying the best ingredient solution for their needs. The employers of Kraft provided onsite regulatory, quality and specification management and offer pilot plant facilities dedicated to developing ingredients for application evaluation. Ask KFIC). (2010). 2. Intellectual Resources In perspective of Kraft’s complete understanding of the entire gamut of business across every employee. Increase in intellectual capital came along with new business ideas & better practices. Developing expertise in business management; focusing on ma king the business to be a pioneer. Creation of staff slots, keeping good employees within the company. Tight Integration: Reduced cost, build brands & develop people. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). 3. Goodwill Company ProfileThe value of business goodwill is in the throws of a major revival under the tent of mutual interest and partnership. Amid a global partnering boom, the future value of your business is at stake. Go-it-alone competitive practices are for the scrapbook. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Partnering opportunities created by the communications and distribution revolution along with a global explosion in consumption and production are reshaping the ability of companies to reach larger audiences and acquire value creating resources. A growing number of countries are announcing international business alliances.Small to large enterprises are discovering partners across the global Internet. Nearly any business conference you attend this year is sure to featu re passionate evangelists espousing the virtues of strategic alliances and economic goodwill. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Kraft Foods Inc. goodwill also engaged in manufacturing and marketing packaged food products, including snacks, beverages, cheese, convenient meals and various packaged grocery products. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company had operations in more than 70 countries and sold the products in approximately 150 countries.The company managed and operated, through two commercial units: Kraft North America and Kraft International Kraft North America which operates in the United States and Canada. On August 4, 2008, the company completed the spin-off of its post cereals business. The brands of the company span five consumer sectors: snacks, beverages, cheese, grocery and convenient meals. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Valuation Summary: †¢Last Updated 10/23/2009 †¢MG Value $11 †¢MG Opinion Overvalued †¢Value Based on 3% Growth $23 †¢Value Based on 0% Growth $14 Market Implied Growth Rate 4. 15% †¢Net Current Asset Value -$19. 44 †¢PEmg 16. 80 †¢Current Ratio 1. 13 †¢PB Ratio 1. 64 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). Key Data: Balance Sheet – 6/30/2009 †¢Current Assets $11,688,000,000 †¢Current Liabilities $10,303,000,000 †¢Total Debt $18,610,000,000 †¢Total Assets $64,654,000,000 †¢Intangible Assets $13,257,000,000 †¢Goodwill $28,225,000,000 †¢Total Liabilities $40,358,000,000 †¢Outstanding Shares 1,474,970,000 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). Earnings Per Share – Diluted 2009 (estimate) $1. 93 †¢2008 $1. 22 †¢2007 $1. 48 †¢2006 $1. 71 †¢2005 $1. 72 †¢2004 $1. 56 †¢2003 $1. 96 †¢2002 $1. 90 †¢2001 $1. 17 †¢2000 $1. 38 †¢1999 $1. 20 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). Earnings Per Share – Modern Graham †¢2009 (estimate) $1. 61 †¢2008 $1. 48 †¢2007 $1. 63 †¢2006 $1. 73 †¢2005 $1. 71 †¢2004 $1. 67 †¢Valuation History: 10/23/09 – Value $11, Actual Price $27. 01, Overvalued & Speculative 7/17/09 – Value $10, Actual Price $27. 30, Overvalued & Speculative (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). 4.Other (cultural, reputational, strategic alliances)? How will the business acquire goodwill? It is cultivated through the best of practices, such as good governance, customer service, efficiency, branding, pricing fairness, innovation, authenticity, consideration, cooperation, collaboration, thoughtfulness, decency, understanding, trust and community. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). This result is reflected in the valuation of the business reputation as measured by the loyalty of the customer’s base and the reliability, stability and good practices of management and its employees.The dollar amount of Kraft’s good represented the excess price over fair market value that th e consumers expected to get at the takeover of the company. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Alliance minded executives use their goodwill on a daily basis in communicating with stakeholders. Without the consistent expression of goodwill, they knew, it was virtually impossible to sustain a partnering synergy that could build goodwill and benefits all stakeholders. The alternative course would in time result in stagnation. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012).Fostering goodwill among the stakeholders prepared their organization for partnering. The commitment to goodwill created change and built value. Apply goodwill on a daily basis. It may be your most powerful strategy in preparing for, processing and succeeding in the formation of alliances. To develop a continuous UVP plan extends your alliance road map by duplicating your forecast calculations to include all potential alliances you foresee into the future. How far can you go using this strategy? If possible, don't stop until yo u're able to imagine this process reaching a global scale or an exit strategy.Finally, your alliance plan must weigh alliance costs and risks against the benefits/costs/risks of alternative strategies. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Whether your enterprise takes the role of a marketer or a supplier, you should consider formulating a phased in partnership plan containing a list of target partner prospects, financial validations, and a timeline and undertake a marketing initiative aimed at shaping a receptive and synergistic relationship with partner executives and operational teams.Executing the plan is your next challenge. Don't hesitate to seek help in developing your plan and making it happen. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Early 21st Century: Integrating Nabisco into Kraft Foods Inc. and an IPO Philip Morris completed its acquisition of Nabisco in December 2000 and immediately began integrating the Nabisco operations into those of Kraft Foods and Kraft Foods Internation al. In March 2001 Philip Morris created a new holding company for the combined operations known as Kraft Foods Inc.The previous Kraft Foods was renamed Kraft Foods North America, giving the new Kraft Foods two main units: Kraft Foods North America and Kraft Foods International. The two CEOs of these units were, Betsy D. Holden and Roger K. Deromedi, respectively, however, they were also named co-CEOs of Kraft Foods Inc. In June 2001 Philip Morris sold a 16. 1 percent stake in Kraft Foods to the public, retaining the remaining shares. The second largest IPO in U. S. history, the offering raised $8. 8 billion, which Philip Morris earmarked to reduce debt it had incurred in acquiring Nabisco. (Kraft Foods Inc. History). (2002). As it was integrating Nabisco and attempting to meet the anticipated annual cost savings of $600 million by 2003, Kraft Foods also began divesting some of the marginal brands it had acquired in the takeover. By late 2001, the company had announced that it had re ached an agreement to sell the Farley's and Sathers confection brands as well as its Mexican pasta business, which included the Yemina and Vesta brands.Additional divestments were expected for Kraft, which as one of the top two food companies in the world with revenues approaching $35 billion could be very choosy about which brands to retain in its very powerful portfolio. (Kraft Foods Inc. History). (2002). Dorria L. Ball is the senior director of Human Resources, Beverages, for Kraft Foods, headquartered in Tarrytown, NY. In her role, Ms. Ball and her team are responsible for developing and leading the implementation of all human resources strategies and activities in support for all Beverages Business unit functions from marketing to manufacturing.Ms. Ball has worked as an employee with Kraft Corp. for over 18 years in Sales Management, where she held numerous assignments of increasing responsibility, calling on customers and leading teams. She transitioned into human resources i n 1994 and has since held a variety of human resources generalist and specialist assignments across a number of functions and business sectors. Most recently, Ms. Ball became the Senior Director of Global Diversity and Work Life, where she was responsible for developing and implementing the Global Diversity and Work Life strategy for Kraft Foods worldwide. Dorria L. Ball). (Feb. 2007). Further, Ms. Ball is one of the founding members of ASCENT, and was formerly on the Conference Board's Council on Workforce Diversity, the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund advisory board, the steering team of the William J. Clinton Foundation's Harlem Small Business Initiative, and the Boston College Global Workforce Roundtable Steering Committee. In addition, Ms. Ball is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority and the Abyssinian Baptist Church. (Dorria L. Ball). (Feb. 2007).Distinctive capabilities are those competencies possessed by a firm that cannot be copied or can be replicated only with great difficulty or resources. Determine the distinctive capabilities of the Kraft Foods Company as it relates to as many of the following as you can: 1) Architecture An American food favorite, Kraft Macaroni & Cheese Dinner has been serving up smiles since 1937. Long highly relevant and visible, Kraft Foods wanted to ensure its brand was differentiated and that it would reach its full potential moving into the future. Over the years it had also created a range of Macaroni & Cheese sub-brands that fragmented its core brand.Macaroni & Cheese, Easy Mac, and Deluxe were all highly successful, but would benefit from a more prominent association with Kraft Foods. In summer 2009, the Kraft Macaroni & Cheese team approached Landor with a challenge: to refresh and contemporize its look, help differentiate itself better from competitors, and visually streamline its portfolio of over 50 Macaroni & Cheese products. (Landor Associates). (June 2011). Kraft's brand promise was to bring smiles to everyo ne's faces, and through research, it learned that it owned several compelling equities in customer's minds: happy, smiles, and joy.Inspired by these emotions, the company arrived at the metaphor of a county fair just like a day at the fair Kraft Macaroni & Cheese is a source of all American joy for the whole family. Drawing from the county fair metaphor, a new designed a new brand identity and packaging. The concept was further brought to life through improved brand architecture that united the portfolio of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese sub-brands under one brand promise, Landor’s visually unified them, and emphasized their connection to each other and Kraft Foods. Landor Associates). (June 2011). To help establish proprietary equities, Kraft Foods applied to register their design as a trademark. Although other macaroni and cheese brands used blue and yellow on their boxes, Kraft’s packaging, architecture system, and identity reclaim the colors as that of Kraft Macaroni & Ch eese. Kraft Macaroni & Cheese redesign succeeded in strengthening and reclaiming the brand's visual equities, differentiating it from private label, and creating a strong master brand to unite three disparate sub-brands.Our packaging and noodle smile identity provided the basis for the Kraft Macaroni & Cheese integrated marketing campaign, which in 2010 helped drive gross revenue up 3. 8 percent, increased dollars by 9 percent, and raised its overall market share by 0. 4 points. (Landor Associates). (June 2011). 2) Reputation, and The absence of well-established laws governing social media communications make it challenging for companies to contest reputation damage on Facebook.However, this shouldn’t stop them from putting a proactive social media reputation strategy in place. Leading food and beverage corporation, Kraft Foods Inc, has put in place a 6 pronged strategy to address various kinds of reputation risks on Facebook. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). Weâ€℠¢ve summarized Kraft Foods’ Facebook reputation management processes in the graphic, below: . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). Kraft Foods reputation risk management strategy includes both at internal employees and external stakeholders.A typical risk management process is as follows: †¢Kraft Foods’ Social Media team takes ownership of all its postings as detailed in its Facebook posting rules this provides clarity of ownership and helps ensure a standard, congenial conversation. †¢Kraft Foods’ Social Media team continuously monitors Facebook postings for negative sentiment, profanity, and hateful comments – these trigger an immediate damage control response. †¢Once a risk event is detected, the Social Media team uses a Crisis Potential Questionnaire consisting of 15 questions, to determine the severity of the reputation risk event.This helps the company to decide on the de-escalation time frame, and channels of de-escalation. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). †¢Kraft Foods’ Social Media team uses a Social Media escalation document to direct resolution steps to the correct internal stakeholders, and prescribes the course of action for various reputation risk events. †¢In times of crisis, the Moderator on the Social Media team checks any communication which goes out on behalf of Kraft Foods, to ensure it accurately represents the company’s point of view. However, if a sustained and malaise reputation risk persists despite the company’s best attempts to alleviate it, the Social Media team consults the legal department for possible legal recourse. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). 3) Innovation. There are no red flags with Kraft's new name change. On Aug. 4, 2011, Kraft Foods Inc. announced plans to divide and create two independent public companies: a high-growth global snacks business and a high-margin North American grocery business. And now on March 21, 2012 they announ ced its plans for its snack food corporate name as Mondelez International, Inc. IBM). (30-Jun-2010). What this demonstrates is that the company truly understood the strength of its brands and how they have built a relationship with customers. And now they were using this knowledge to manage the branding of its new independent company to leverage the platform â€Å"make today delicious. † The move to invent a new word and taking the time to let everyone know the phonetic spelling is the right thing to do for a multinational conglomerate rather than trying to leverage one of its current brand names. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010).The Chairman and CEO Irene Rosenfeld had said that he would be implementing a new global snacks company, looking for a new name that would serve as an umbrella for their iconic brands, reinforce the truly global nature of this business and build on our higher purpose to make today delicious. Mondelez captured a perfect idea of a delicious world and saying that i t would serve as a solid foundation for the strong relationships. Kraft Foods Inc. brands knew how to build relationships with its customers and now applying it to the market and their investors. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). REFERENCES: Denise Dickins, Margaret O’Hara, John Reisch. 2009). Frameworks for establishing and evaluating internal controls: a primer and case study. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics. Kraft Foods Group to Replace Alpha Natural Resources In S 500. (Nov. 7, 2012). http://www. nasdaq. com/article/kraft-foods-group-to-replace-alpha-natural-resources-in-sp-500-20120925-01231#. UJswqGcyCSo Jennifer Booton. (November 7, 2012). Kraft Foods Posts Strong 3Q Profit After Spin-Off. FOXBusiness. http://www. foxbusiness. com/industries/2012/11/07/kraft-foods-posts-strong-3q-profit-after-spin-off/ IBM. (30-Jun-2010). Kraft Foods builds on success to

Alzheimer’s Disease – Essay 2

Alzheimer's Disease Joy Pachowicz PSY 350 Professor Alina Sheppe Perez May 15, 201 Introduction Alzheimer's disease, despite being so widespread, is not really considered part of the aging process. According to Robert Feldman, author of the textbook, â€Å"Understanding Psychology†, only 19% of people who are ages 75 to 84 suffer from this disease. It is only once they pass the age of 85, that the elderly need to be more concerned about the possibility of developing Alzheimer's disease. ( Feldman, p. 446) Fifty percent of all people over 85 years of age suffer from Alzheimer's disease and researchers believe that if no cure for the disease is found by the year 2050; there will be 14 million people affected by this disease. (Feldman, p. 446) What is Alzheimer's disease and how is it diagnosed? What are its symptoms and who are most likely to develop this disease? The purpose of this paper is to explore what Alzheimer's disease is and offer some suggestions of how to approach it in the future. What is Alzheimer's Disease? According to the Alzheimer's Foundation of America, Alzheimer's Disease is a â€Å"progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain's nerve cells, or neurons, resulting in the loss of memory, thinking, language skills, and behavioral changes† (www. alzfdn. org) With Alzheimer's disease, neuron cells are destroyed in the hippocampus, and this is what sparks the loss of short term memory; and as neuron cells die in the cerebral cortex, so too the functionality of language and clear thinking sees a marked decline in the person who has developed Alzheimer's disease (www. lzfdn. org) With Alzheimer's disease, there is diminished production of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is very much involved with our ability to memorize and retain information; so, if there is a decrease in Acetylcholine; our memory's ability to function suffers greatly. (Feldman, p. 66) Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease How does one know to even consult with a specialist or seek out one's physician regarding Alzheimer's disease? There are some telltale symptoms that set up red flags of warning. If you see any of these symptoms, please see a physician to determine if you have Alzheimer's disease: 1. Memory Loss that disrupts Daily Life 2. Difficulties in planning events or solving problems 3. Difficulties performing familiar tasks or household work 4. Confusion with time or place. 5. Troubles interpreting visual images and spacial relationships 6. Problems with forming words or with communicating Losing items and not being able to remember what one recently did. 7. Failing and poor judgement 8. Withdrawal from work or social activities 9. Changes in Mood or Behavioral ( www. lz. org) Now just because you may have one or all these doesn't necessarily mean you have Alzheimer's disease. Time is very much a key element in acting on these symptoms. If these symptoms persist over a long period of time; then it's time to have a professional evaluation of the symptoms. . Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease According to the Alzheimer's Association, there are several steps to take when try ing to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. First, one must consult with his/her medical doctor. When going, it’s important to take a copy of one's whole medical history. While at the consultation, one can be given a mental status test. Along with this test, a physical and neurological exam should be given. Blood tests should be taken to rule out other possible causes of memory loss. (www. alz. org) The specialists one could see to determine whether one is suffering from Alzheimer's disease and not some other illness are: Psychologists, Neurologists and Psychiatrist. (www. alz. org) Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease As with other diseases, Alzheimer’s has varying stages it progresses through as it develops in the body and affects the brain. The first stage consists of the mere manifestation of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, which we have already listed: memory problems, difficulty forming words, forgetfulness etc. ( www. nia. nih. gov) The next stage would be what doctors would label the mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. During this stage, cognitive abilities are more impaired. There are difficulties with handling money or paying bills. Repeating things over and over again begin to be notice. (www. nia. nih. gov) The mild stage gives way to the moderate stage of Alzheimer’s disease. New symptoms appear and older ones worsen. Memory continues to decline in this stage. In this stage it becomes more and more difficult to recognize family and friends. In the moderate stage of Alzheimer’s disease there are hallucinations and paranoia. It’s more difficult to get dressed, wash and perform simple task. ( www. nia. nih. gov) The final stage of Alzheimer’s disease is the severe stage. People with severe Alzheimer’s disease spend most their time in bed, sleeping. Their body shuts down. ( www. nia. nih. gov) Treating Alzheimer’s disease Since Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a plaque buildup in the synapse that prevents the communication of neurons, one to another; researchers have found a way to allow these neurons to communicate despite this buildup. Donepezil is one such drug that has been released for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Another name for this drug is Aricept. What Aricept does is increases the memory’s capacity. ( Feldman, p. 229) There are other drugs being tested; but, right now the most popular treatment for Alzheimer’s disease is the use of Aricept. In the News Researchers of Banner Sun Health Research Institute have been studying the relationship that copper and cholesterol have to Alzheimer’s disease. They believe that dementia is caused by tangles and plaque in the brain. Copper has been implicated in the increased progression of Alzheimer’s disease in those who have the disease. Cholesterol, which is a major cause of plaque buildup in other parts of the body, therefore, it can be a contributing cause of plaque buildup in the brain. (redorbit. com) â€Å"In the BSHRI study, Sparks and his team performed a pilot study of long-term dietary cholesterol in four groups of rabbits. One group was administered normal food and water and three groups were administered increasing levels of a cholesterol diet for five months. Significantly, plasma levels of tau increased by 40 to 50 percent in each of the cholesterol-fed animal groups after five months of the experimental diet† (redorbit. com) In another research program being conducted by scientists through the USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Indiana University and Florida’s Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center; a certain protein: beta amyloid was singled out to be the cause of neurons malfunctioning that causes memory oss which is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. (redorbit. com) â€Å"By identifying a brand new and extremely important target of the amyloid protein's toxicity, we can develop drugs for Alzheimer's disease that may protect the motors from inhibition and allow the brain to regenerate properly,† said principal investigator Huntington Potter, PhD, a prof essor of Molecular Medicine who holds the Pfeiffer Endowed Chair for Alzheimer's Disease Research. † (redorbit. com) Coping with Alzheimer’s disease â€Å"There are many ways to fight the adverse symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Below are some ways a person can cope with Alzheimer’s disease: †¢ Keep a notebook handy to record important numbers, appointments and dates. †¢ Use sticky note to help remember things of importance †¢ Keep important phone numbers next to telephone (in large print) †¢ Have a contact who will call to remind of meal times, appointments or other. †¢ Use a calendar to keep track of the day of week. †¢ Keep photos of important people around; have names of who these important people are somewhere on the picture. †¢ When going out always have another person to go along, to avoid getting lost. For Care Providers †¢ â€Å"Providing a healthy lifestyle is a must. Good nutrition, exercise and appropriate social interactions all help to develop a healthy environment for the Alzheimer’s patient. †¢ Have a planned daily routine .. so that Alzheimer’s patient can develop a sense of accomplishment and value. †¢ Choose proper tim es for activities. Many times night time is not a good time for Alzheimer’s patients. †¢ Encourage independence with the Alzheimer’s patient, let them do for themselves as much as possible. †¢ Speak slowly and calmly †¢ Make eye contact. Give simple instructions â€Å" (webmd. com) Conclusion Alzheimer’s disease is a widely spread disease that affects a great number of elderly people worldwide. While it is frequently associated with old age; it is not considered part of the aging process. Recent studies provided some hopeful ways to help stop the spread of Alzheimer’s disease, and also provided warnings of what can happen if a cure to Alzheimer’s disease is not found.. While a person may show many symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, only a medical doctor can confirm whether Alzheimer’s disease is present. Through various tests, doctors rule out other possible diseases before focusing on Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease has many stages and faces and the best approach is to arrest it while it’s in its early stages. Once Alzheimer’s settles in and brain cells start dying, the only thing left to do is to accommodate the limitations that come with the disease. Educating oneself about Alzheimer’s disease is a must for everyone. More than likely, every one of us will come face to face with it in one fashion or another. We will either be taking care of someone who has it; or, we will develop it ourselves. Alzheimer’s disease affects both the patient and those around him/her. Take time to become knowledgeable of this disease, id worth the effort. . References Alzheimer’s Disease: Special Tips for Maintaining a Normal life. Retrieved From. http://www. webmd. com/alzheimers/caregivers-09/memory-tips Coping With Alzheimer’s: Special Instructions for Care Providers. Retrieved From http://www. webmd. com/alzheimers/caregivers-09/caregivers-tips Feldman. R. F. (2008). Understanding Psychology. (8th Edition). NYC. New York. McGraw/Hill. National Institute On Aging. Care giver Guide. Retrieved from. http://www. nia. nih. gov/Alzheimers/Publications/caregiverguide. htm National Institute on Aging. Tips for Care Givers. Retrieved from. http://www. nia. nih. gov/nia. nih. gov Researchers Find Further Evidence Linking Alzheimer's Disease to Copper and Cholesterol Retrieved from. http://www. redorbit. com/news/health/2046137/banner_sun_health_research_institute_res earchers_find_further_evidence_linking/index. html

Mesopotamia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mesopotamia - Research Paper Example Sumerians used the rivers to irrigate their lands, ensuring that there was a constant supply of food for their citizens. The economies of these societies were despotic, with one central figure having a control on all manner of productions. Sumerians is one of the societies found in Mesopotamia. These people used barley, wheat, and silver as the various means of currency (Muntone, 2012). The economic system in Mesopotamia was very easy to control by the leaders of the Sumerians. For example, if a leader was able to control the production of wheat, then the economic control of Mesopotamia will follow. The Sumerians did not have an economic and social stratification system. On this basis, egalitarianism was the major social organization that was seen throughout Mesopotamia. The Sumerians symbolized deities into the various elements that they had authority over. On this basis, there was the god of the moon, of the sun, of fertility etc. Sumerians were aware of the different properties of the earth, and they modeled these properties in a manner that would make the world to be more personable (Muntone, 2012). Some of the religious beliefs of the Sumerians are similar to that of the Christians and Jewish religion. For instance, the Sumerians believed that mankind was removed from paradise as a punishment of eating a forbidden fruit. Sumerians also had some knowledge in writings, and much of the knowledge concerning ancient Mesopotamia is found in their clay tablet writings that have survived until now.

Street art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Street art - Research Paper Example The traditional graffiti have been increasingly espoused as a technique of advertising, and its trajectory leading its artists perform their tasks on contract basis as graphic artists for corporations in some particular cases. The street art is in itself a paradigm of hybridism in the global visual culture, a postmodern genre that is distinguished by real-time practice than by the sense of unified theory, movement, or message. This artistic work is a community of practice with its own learned, rules, codes, techniques of communication, and hierarchies of prestige. Historical analysis explains that the street art movement all began in New York in the 1960s by young adults who sprayed words and together with other images on the walls and trains. Their artistic paintings appeared impressive with colorful and energetic styles, and were hence called graffiti. Ideally, such paintings were seen by that society as an expression of the youths to rebel against the society and to reject the set rules of the country. Street art begun as an underground, anarchic, in-your-face appropriation of the public visual surfaces, and has now become a major part of visual space in several towns and cities, and recognized as an art movement crossing over into the museum and gallery system. Traditionally, the graffiti artists primarily used their free-hand aerosol paints to produce their works but have currently transformed used to the innovations brought about by the technologically developments to include other media and techniques.

Sysco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sysco - Essay Example Day was required to give all the pros and cons of the implementation of the new software along with its detailed requirements. The obstacles to the implementation of new BI software were identified so that software faces no unknown resistances and obstructions. Questions were also designed for the software to answer to evaluate the efficacy of the software in terms of fulfilling Sysco’s requirements of information. Sysco has a number of companies under its governance due to which, all the steps taken by the company are required to be looked in good details. No change or development is without challenges, therefore, challenges were also identified in order to cope up with the challenges successfully. For increasing the IT expertise of the company as a whole, a data warehouse was also established. However, this data warehouse was required to be improved to a great extent as the staff and IT requirements of the data warehouse lacked competence to handle complicated IT related iss ues. For implementing BI software, the company required to look towards the investment that it was going to invest for the implementation of the software, the integration of the present system with the new software, acceptance of all the supervised companies and expertise of the IT staff. Obstacles Facing Sysco For implementing BI software, Sysco faces some obstacles. The company, Sysco has its own data sources that are required to be connected with BI software and for this process, IT help is required, which can be given by BI’s technical staff (McAfee and Wagonfeld 4). The company’s database needs to be attached with BI software. The company was to decide on purchasing the right amount of BI software for its information needs. Investment for BI software is also a major concern for the company. Day was fully aware that associated companies linked with Sysco were to bear the costs invested for implementing BI software due to which, there can be a problem in terms of in vestment approval by those companies (McAfee and Wagonfeld 11). The linked companies already have their own software solutions for information systems due to which, there were fair chances of resistance by the companies. Data warehouse started by Sysco was not fully complete and its staff lacked the necessary expertise to extract necessary data. The employees serving in the data warehouse were required to be trained better and the warehouse was itself an obstacle for the implementation of BI software (McAfee and Wagonfeld 3). Sysco lacked the essential IT competence in terms of its data warehouse and its IT staff, which is a clear obstruction. Questions Addressed by Sysco Sysco initially decided to address only two questions with its new BI software rather than use it as a more general analysis tool. The questions were ‘What additional products could we be selling to each of our customers?’ and ‘Which of our current customers are we most likely to lose?’ (M cAfee and Wagonfeld 8-9). These questions were initially asked because they support the company to look forward in their future in terms

The Competitive Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Competitive Environment - Essay Example Going back further in time, it was a United States government-funded research project some sixty years ago called the ARPANET that eventually gave rise to the present Internet. It was originally a defense-related project of the Advanced Research Project Agency of the U.S. military to develop a wide-area network of communications that is redundant and designed to withstand a nuclear attack during the Cold War period. It was developed at great cost but the American government saw it fit to give it away for free for civilian uses, similar to the so-called Star Wars Project or the Strategic Defense Initiative which is the precursor to the global positioning system (GPS) used widely in most consumer electronic devices such as mobile phones. The main brains behind the ARPANET was a guy named Vannevar Bush who foresaw an information overload that many people experience. It was first brought up in an article he wrote in which he argued for some form of oversight or a content curator who will see to it that information published on the Web is credible, reliable, and trustworthy; anybody can publish anything without proper verification, and Web content is crucial when people go on-line to look for some information they need. This paper is a discussion of the role that search engines or browsers play when people search or look for information on the Web. Search engines perform a crucial function in this regard as it determines what the search results will be. Although there were many search engines that preceded today's giant Google, the way the search process was performed was very different back then but Google managed to alter everything through its highly-secret algorithm. An end result of this new way of conducting the search is that Google wholly dominates the market. Discussion Google has closely guarded its secret algorithm that produces search engine results, which it rightfully considers as proprietary in nature. As more and more people get connected on-line, di gital presence is essential for business firms to survive. Google has dominated this market in just ten-years' time because it altered the way how browsers crawl the vast Internet for the information typed in by people on their search box. Previously, search engines looked for the titles of articles only or the Web addresses of Internet sites but Google's process does it much differently, by looking at the actual content of Web pages posted on the Internet. This had big or profound effects, one of which was lower the price of a unique domain name considerably. The new search process led to search engine optimization techniques that try to influence the search results being produced but Google changes its algorithm to obviate this technique. It is important to do this occasionally to have unbiased results based on page rankings. Landing on top of page rankings has considerable business consequence because people tend to look only at the first few top results and ignore other lower-ra nked results. This also has a considerable effect on the profits of Google which relies on on-line advertising revenues to a big extent and indirectly, on the businesses that advertise on-line as more people shift to their purchases through on-line transactions because of improvements in Internet security such as the use of the secure-socket layer (SSL) that encrypts crucial personal information. Google came to dominate the search engine market

Cultural Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Case Study - Essay Example In order to make a more proper cross-cultural analysis of business communication, models developed by Trompenaars and Hofstede are discussed in detail. The former model considers culture as a means of human abilities integration, such as decision making in spite of environmental or external challenges (Trompenaars, 1993). The latter scientist discusses managerial behavior formation in accordance with different norms. My personal experience concerns challenges that occurred during our business relations and negotiations conduct. I work at multinational company headquartered in the UAE as a manager assistant. When our business partners came from UK, their managers in international affairs described our company as a â€Å"culturally-oriented† country (Abbas, 1995). Thus, they had to study a lot about cultural and religious background of the country. Two basic concepts are crucial for our English partners: these are religion and morality. Nevertheless, modern business practices in our country have shifted to the importance of economic independence, political pluralism considerations and other changes. Still, I can claim that in the process of our negotiations with English I could witness more conservative ideas that are more important for them as well. This contextual review of the cross-cultural challenges that my Company came across can be outlined as follows: first, when our partners entered the room for negotiations and negotiations took place, they were focused on our Chief. He sat quietly and then it appeared that this man was our Chief. They impressed me by their tolerant and neutral attitude to what was said during negotiations. Moreover, it was surprising to them that line managers from their Company solved some crucial issues and in our company only senior managers could do that. It was unusual for me, but of course, I was full of respect, because it is our

Cost Accounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost Accounting - Case Study Example Thus for a manager, who has an authoritative style of leadership like the said CEO, could get things even without consulting managers or employees who can can readily agree. However, the budgeting process should theoretically and practically require participation from middle and even lower managers to be effective. Managers may not just be working for their pay. They are also human beings who would prefer that their contribution to the organization should also be recognized and valued by management by making them part of the decision-making process. Although a chief executive officer must plan, organize and controls activities, at the same time he must also lead people in the organization toward attainment of objectives. As manager, he influences his subordinates, who cannot be presumed to lack creativity. Subordinates or followers may even contribute for the improvement of the plan because at the planning stage the CEO can sense possible problems that they have and strategies on how to counter them can become material part of the budget process. A typical organization has functional areas or departments with conflicting interests and priorities as the process essentially requires making an optimum use of the limited resources. The budget process entails managers to use resources which are tied with activities and that are needed to attain set objectives. If the middle and lower managers are not consulted in budget process, they would most probably not support fully the goals per budget as set by the CEO. It must be noted that a good CEO is good delegator (ZweigWhite ,2010) and this is the essence of an organization person. Setting the goals and just telling his subordinates to strive for their attainment would be an act of lack of trust to his lower managers. If the said CEO realizes that his people would prefer to decide with him, working with the

Research Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt Paper

Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt - Research Paper Example His New Deal program significantly enlarged the function and responsibilities of the U.S. federal government. This paper analyzes and discusses the life and legacy of Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt as U.S. presidents. The discussion focuses on their response to the bigger national and global issues during their presidency. Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States, considered himself the defender of the masses and the mouthpiece of the people. He declared, â€Å"No one but the President seems to be expected†¦ to look out for the general interests of the country† (Cook 98). He was a liberal reformist and took on global leadership in creating a new global order. He announced in 1917 that the involvement of the United States in the First World War is a campaign to build a world that is ‘friendly’ to democratic ideologies. Wilson had witnessed the horror and atrociousness of warfare. He was born in 1856 in Virginia to a Presbyterian pastor of the Civil War. After finishing his studies at Princeton and the University of Virginia Law School, he obtained his university degree at John Hopkins University and embarked on an academic profession (Freidel 61). Wilson progressed quickly as a traditionalist, conformist young university lecturer of political science and was elected in 1902 as head of Princeton. His flourishing national popularity encouraged a number of conservative Democrats to view him as a good candidate for presidency. At first they convinced him to run for the position of New Jersey’s Governor in 1910 (Gaines 48). During the campaign he declared his autonomy from the conservatives and from the system that had recommended him, promoting a liberal program, which he carried out as governor. In 1912, during the Democratic Convention, Wilson was nominated for presidency and promoted the project New Freedom, which emphasized individuality and the rights of states. In the tripartite

Music 100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Music 100 - Essay Example The instrument used at the performance was violin and each was tasked in producing a specific performance and adding value to the day’s performance. Fusing the orchestra with the Chinese traditional instruments gave it a fusion that uniquely displayed diversity in the music world. The group gave an excellent show as it gave an instrument version of the song. As much as many pieces where displayed at the event, our focus will be on â€Å"Heaven Earth Mankind† by the symphony orchestra lead by Dr. Thomas Cockrell. It represented all genre and represented diversity in the performance an analysis of the performance showed how other pieces represented a single genre. The theme being the moon festival, the piece was ideal as a fusion with the Asian instruments gave it an excellent outcome. Other notable instruments where the Harps which played the harmony and the cellos which where tasked in ensuring the rhythm was as per planned. The Cockrell‘s led group utilized the three instrument in ensuring a success to their performance. The most notable of them all was the violin representing each voice category. An excellent event disserved an excellent performance and that is what the symphony orchestra gave. The instruments took turns in providing a breathtaking moment. Just like a sea wave, the violin variably changed the mood. The beginning was a little bit slower maybe to create attention. As the climax approached, the violin became louder and rapid representing a dancing mood. The bridge of the performance saw only the sopranos play their instruments. As the title of the performance suggests, a heavenly mood was engulfed into the room. Some minutes later, the other instruments joint the wagon. Two minutes later, they stopped and before the audience had applause, they picked again and this time they played them rapidly until the conductor signaled the end of the performance. Other pieces

Breastfeeding vs Formla Feeding Essay Example for Free

Breastfeeding vs Formla Feeding Essay Parents-to-be have a lot of things on their plate. One of those many things that parents should worry about is what their child is going to consume. The choice to either breastfeed or formula feed should be the main thing on an expectant mother’s mind far before the baby is born. The nutrition a baby takes in from milk for the first year of life is very valuable for a baby’s growth and health. The choice of breastfeeding or formula feeding should be looked at and thought about deeply before deciding a nutritional plan that will alter a child’s life forever. Furthermore, these choices will also affect the parent’s life. The main aspiration for this essay is to contrast the health benefits, cost, and convenience of breastfeeding as opposed to formula feeding. The first important difference between breast and formula feeding is the health benefits. Every time a healthy woman breastfeeds her baby, she is passing on natural antibodies and vitamins that has been known to keep the baby healthy and strengthen the newborn’s immune system. The immune system assists in fighting most infections and diseases that new babies may be susceptible to, such as ear infections, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and the common cold. Some of the illnesses are more serious and could cause sudden infant death syndrome, mainly whooping cough, meningitis, leukemia and other devastating cancers. Breastfeeding can help in the prevention and reduction of risk in developing diabetes, asthma, and allergies later in life. Formula milk, however, lacks all the natural antibodies that newborns need to strengthen an infant’s non-existent immune system to help fight off infection and illnesses. Formula milk is primarily a source of nutrition and does not contribute to the development of a newborn’s immune system. Shelby Medico 05/28/12 The second difference between breastfeeding and formula feeding is the cost. Breastfeeding is a smart choice because not only is it free, but it saves money. Instead of wasting money on manufactured milk, mothers can take advantage of the free milk produced by Mother Nature. Parents can use money saved by breastfeeding and use it toward other important items newborns need. On the other hand, formula is very expensive and the price of formula adds up. As a baby grows, the parents will have to keep up with the baby’s expanding appetite; therefore, parents will eventually find themselves spending double the amount of money on formula. Formula fed babies also will not be receiving the proper antibodies to help prevent the illnesses that lead to trips to the doctor’s office. Doctor appointments are expensive, not to mention the time off work a parent may have to take to care for a sick child. The final difference between breastfeeding and formula feeding is convenience. Convenience is the key to make feeding a baby an easier task for the parents. Breastfeeding is very convenient because it is always available day and night whenever the baby is hungry. When a mother plans to run errands or simply to go out to eat for lunch with her baby, she will not have to pack anything for the baby to eat. Another convenience of breastfeeding is that it is not necessary to prepare milk and warm bottles in the middle of the night for the half-asleep midnight feedings. Parents of formula fed babies, however, have to spend extra time boiling water to prepare the formula and sterilizing the bottles before the baby can eat. Parents also have to be cautious about warming bottles to make sure the formula milk is not too hot for the baby’s sensitive mouth. Extra inconvenient tasks that have to be done before feeding a hungry, impatient baby can be very frustrating. In conclusion, considering the health benefits, cost, and convenience of breastfeeding, it would be the most logical choice to better a new family’s life.

Developing Awareness of Food Hygiene

Developing Awareness of Food Hygiene Tanisha Raybe HEALTH PROMOTION ESSAY ABOUT AWARENESS OF FOOD HYGIENE. GROUP MEMBERS WERE: Tanisha Raybe, Caroline Veerasamy, Charlotte Chalmers , Hannah Firth and Stacey Rimes. INTRODUCTION This essay will seek to highlight the importance of food hygiene, it will include epidemiology, demography data alongside target groups and health policies. It will seek to evaluate the effectiveness of a health forum and illustrate the role of a health promoter ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH NEED There has been growing recognition that highlights the need for more awareness of food hygiene. This was evident in the increase rate of morbidity and mortality of foodborne illnesses in the United Kingdom and worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2007). This prompted governing bodies to place more emphasis on food safety practices. However, despite their efforts food borne illness incidence continues to increase in numbers attracting media attentions both nationally and internationally (Arendt, Paez and Strohbehn, 2013). The aim of food hygiene is to ensure food is free from physical, chemical and biological contamination which is overall safe for consumption (Who, 2002). An epidemiology study carried out by The Department of Environment of food and rural affairs (2013) gave an insight into the effect of food borne illness. They reported that, there were over a million cases of food borne illness in the United Kingdom each year as a result of poor food hygiene. This amounts to 20,000 hospital admissions and 500 deaths. Food Standard Agency (2011) collated that in England and wales each year there were around 1.7 million cases of food borne illness that is 33160 cases each week. Additionally, the Centre for disease control and prevention (2011) reports that each year approximately 1 in 6 American that is 48 million people being sick , hospitalised or have died from food borne illness. Moreover the FSA, (2011) highlighted that the statistics presented above only represents the reported numbers of incidence, hence underestimating the true value of food borne illness. In light of the evidence presented above, underscore that poor food hygiene is a significant health issue that results in mortality, morbidity and hospital admissions (WHO, 2007). Moreover, the economical burden cause by the prevalence of food borne illness which cost 1.5 million to treat. Food borne illness is preventable, however many consumer believes that food borne illness is acquired by eating out whether from a restaurant or from a fast food outlet (Ackerley, 2013). However, by contrast Zablostsky Kufel el al (2011) argued that large outbreaks of food borne illness are mostly attributed to poor hygiene practices carried out within the homes. This they mentioned was due to lack of awareness about what actually cause food borne illness. These they mentioned were wrong cooking procedures , supplier providing food that have been contaminated and lastly the involvement of risky eating behaviour of raw and undercook meat. FSA, 2011 states that it is everyone’s responsibility to ensure that the food that is supplied, prepared and eaten is suited for consumption as lay out in the policy on food safety. Also consumers do not readily admit that they may have caught food borne illness as a result of poor hygiene practices (FSA, 2011). A research carried out by (WHO, 2013) indicated that although everyone is at risk of food borne illness pregnant women , elderly , children and the immune deficiency are more susceptible to food borne illness . FSA ,2013 highlight that, more attentions should be place on education and training to reiterate to the general public about the common vehicle that cause pathogens leading to gastroenteritis and food poisoning. In addition, educating them that although some hazards are obvious factor for food poisoning, there are some not so apparent and the consequences takes time to manifest itself. For instance, food that are improperly stored, cooked or poor labelling as well as out of date, this can have a detrimental effect on the body (Griffith, 2010). Yet although food safety messages are spreading in the UK and globally the implementation is quite challenging for many. Yiannas, 2008 states that in order to improve food safety there must be a change in people’s behaviour. However changing consumer behaviour is more complex than merely educating them as habits formulated over a long period of time might be hard to break (Ackerley, 2011). For example, A study carried out in China indicated that food safety incidents was a result of social behaviour rather than natural factor, this was due to their abuse of food additives (Qiang et al , 2011 Ouyang,2011). Consumers need to be taught the benefits of changing behaviour against the consequences of food borne illness (Ackerley, 2013). Therefore, it is imperative that education be the focal point in changing people’s behaviour when it comes to food hygiene practices (Mullan Wrong, 2010). Cultural, gender, belief and age may play a significant role in food borne illness (Ackerley, 2013). For instance, in some countries economic is taught in school as part of the educational curriculum allowing students to learn about the importance of food hygiene from a young age (Powell chapman ,2011). Also some culture support females to be mainly responsible for the preparation of meals within in the home (Yiannas,2009) . Moreover, this could eliminate other family members learning the importance of food hygiene (Yiannas,2009). Policy Given the growing evidence of food borne illness this has erode consumer’s confidence in government ability to protect them from food borne illness. However this prompted Government organisation such as Food Standard Agency , Health Protection Agency, international campaign company like WHO to put more measures in place to prevent food borne illness that is identifiable by the public (FSA,2011) . Their mission is to create an awareness of food hygiene through education by engaging the public in discussion about and implementation of food safety practices. The information stipulated within the policies are set out in a comprehensive manner that seeks to give practical advice as well as address concerns the general public have or encountered (FSA,2011). For example, WHO (2012) identifies five key ways to prevent the spreading of food borne illness which are keep clean ,cook thoroughly ,safe temperatures, safe water and raw material and lastly the separation of raw and cooked product. The National health hand campaign (2009) highlights the importance of effective hand washing as it is one of the most effective ways to prevent food borne illness. The government also highlighted that transparency about food borne illness, educational programs, surveillance and inspection system for food safety is key to prevent increase in food borne illness ( Hird et al, 2009). Based on evidences relating to the increase of foodborne illness and the rising economic cost of treating illness (FSA, 2013). The experts such as Government, policy maker and health professional decided that more needs to be done about the awareness of food borne illness this coincided with Bradshaw’s (1972) needs. Bradshaw suggested there are four types of needs expressed, felt, normative and comparative needs. However, as the needs were identified by the experts normative need was more applicable to address the issue of food borne illness. For, example Rayner Scarborough (2005) argued that food borne illness is quite significant as it can have a major impact on a person’s health. They highlighted that compared to other illness say smoking that is hugely advertised in comparison to hygiene which has the same risk of mortality, morbidity hospital admission and increased burden on the NHS resources. APPROACH Yang (2012) suggested that education coupled with implementing good kitchen hygiene could reduce the number of illness and death. Seedhouse (2001) concurs with this statement stating that if the public is given the right information and resources people are far more receptive and incline to change their behaviour to achieve food safety practices .The educational approach was chosen as it reflected the most effective means to convey a message to the public to empower change. Scriven (2010) points out that the goal of an educational approach is to give adequate information to ensure the public have gain enough knowledge and understanding as well as skills to make informed decision. It is important to considerate the different ways people learn as suggested by Honey and Mumford who highlighted four learning styles namely activist, reflector theorist and lastly pragmatist (Honey Mumford, 1986). The strength of the educational approach is that information is provided to aid consumer to make the best possible choice. However, freedom of choice may not work in the public favour as they might not be incline to change their behaviour toward food hygiene ( Simnet,2010) . The aims and objects were obtained by using the acronym Smart which stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. This was then illustrated by the followings: At the end of five minutes the participants will be able to identified Two sources of pathogen that can cause food borne illness two ways to prevent food borne illness Two symptoms of food borne illness EVALUATION According to Scriven (2010) evaluation is reaching a judgement about a significance particular task by critically analysing both strengths and weakness. The aim of the forum was to create an awareness of food hygiene through education on the importance of food hygiene as well as gather feedback to inform future knowledge. The group followed a sequence that was effective to analyse evaluation which were process, impact and outcome (Naidoo Wills ,2009). The group ensured there were enough educational tools incorporated to reinforce the message and took into consideration how people learn .This forum comprised of posters, leaflets, brochures, interactive games, souvenir, and show and explain demonstration. The group work together in a cohesive manner which was evident in their organisation and how the message was conveyed . As Yang et al (2012) states that teamwork’s is beneficial for student’s nurses as it helps them to develop their communication skills among others.The group presented the information in a clear, succinct manner and was not judgemental, bearing in mind they only had five minutes to get the message across. This was in accordance with (Scriven, 2010) who states that an effective communication should be free from ambiguous language. The group target university student from the age of 18- 25 as they were particularly more involved in risky behaviour than any other groups at risk ( Abbott , 2009). This was due to lack of knowledge of food safety and them being away from home for the very first time ( Mullan Wrong , 2010 Phillp Anita , 2010). However, as the day progressed the group found that the message reach not only university student but everyone. Impact During the forum it became common knowledge to the group that there were gaps in the public knowledge pertaining to food hygiene .This was identified as the group applied a strategy to find out what the public already knew about food hygiene. It became apparent that many had a false sense of confidence in terms of food hygiene and did not realise that some of the practices they carried out could actually increase their chances of acquiring food borne illness. For instance, the bacteria that is present in rice if not stored properly (FSA, 2011). This happens to be one of the group most take home message as it was firsthand knowledge to many. The group was successful in conveying the message as a total of 92% gathered from the questionnaire was found to be quite receptive to the information and mentioned the information gleaned will have a bearing on their future practices. However, the group conceded as to what could have done to reach the further 8% of the population. Outcome evaluation The group identified few strengths and weakness resulting from the health forum. Although the message was well received and the educational tool used appropriate, The group found that it would be hard to make contact with the same people around six months time to measure whether their practices has been influence by the health forum was very unlikely . However, it was noted that some of the posters and materials could have been in larger print to enable to the writing to be legible. The group believe it would be more practical and feasible to have the forum in a supermarket to attract a wide range of consumer. They found that time constraints was another issues as they only had a limited amount of time to deliver a message which could result in miss opportunity to reach more of the general public. Lastly they found that the area was noisy with other forum and events happening at the same time and was quite distracting for both themselves and the audience. A health promoter has an important role to play in educating the public ( Scriven ,2010) .He or she should be a good communicator providing information that is simple but effective. They need to understand how people learn and receive information as well as take into consideration any barriers that may prevent a message from getting across. REF For instance, language, environment factor , culture and , beliefs . Houghton, 2008 states that an awareness of people’s ethnicity and cultures needs plays an important role in achieving a good outcome when educating people on food hygiene. The increased numbers of foodborne illness illustrates that it is a significant health problem that warrant the need for more awareness of food hygiene in order to reduce the number of incidents , death and associated cost accumulate. The need for more educational programme that address people’s behaviours as well as increased their food hygiene knowledge is seen as an effective way to reduce the effects of food borne illness. REFERENCES Abbott, M. J., Byrd-Bredbenner , C., Schaffner, D., Bruhn ,C. M. Blalock, L. (2009). Comparison of food safety cognitions and self reported food handling behaviours with observed food safety behaviours of young adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ,63 ,572-579. Ackerley, L. (2013). Mixed messages in food safety: killing us softly?. Perspectives In Public Health, 133(6), 296298. Arendt, S. W., Paez, P. Strohbehn, C. (2013). Food safety practices and managers perceptions: a qualitative study in hospitality. International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25 (1), pp. 124139. Bradshaw,J. 1992. Taxanonomy of needs. Open University Press. Department for Environment food and Royal Affairs (2013). food statistics pocketbook. Office of National Statistics.London. Food Standard Agency (2011). Foodborne disease strategy food.gov.uk/policy-advice/microbiology/fds/( last accessed 20th April 2014). Food Standard Agency (2013) Food poisoning . Retrieved 21st April 2014 from http://bit.Ly/lixxByD . Food Standard Agency (2011) .Foodborne Disease Strategy 2012-2015. An FSA Programme for the Reduction of Foodborne Disease in the UK. Available online at : http://www.food.gov.uk/mulitimedia/pdfs/fds2015.pdf (last accessed 20th April 2014). Griffith, C. J. (2010). Food Safety Culture: Creating a Behaviour-based Food Safety Management System. British Food Journal, 112 (4), pp. 457458. Hird,S., Stein,C.,Kiamarz,P.,Nanda,A.Havelaan,AH.(2009). Estimating the global burden of food borne disease – A collaborative effort. Eurosurvellance 14(18),1-4. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (1986) Using your learning styles. (2nd ed.). Bershire: Printique, Maidedenhead. Houghton,G. (2008) Women seeking asylum: are communication needs being met? British Journal of Midwifery 16 (3) 142. Lam, H., Remais, J., Fung, M., Xu, L., Sun, S. (2013). Food supply and food safety issues in China. The Lancet, 381(9882), 20442053. Mullan, B. Wong, C. (2010). Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to design a food hygiene intervention. Food Control, 21 (11), pp. 1524—1529 Naidoo, J. Will,J.(2009). Foundations for Health Promotion . Edinburgh : BailliereTindall Elsevier. NHS Hand Hygiene Campaign (2009). Consequences of poor hand hygiene and the importance of handwashing. http://bit.L/lgeQNgQ ( Accessed 21,April 2014). Phillip, S. Anita, E. (2010). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour model in predicting safe food handling practices. Food Control, 21 (7), pp. 983987. Powell, D. A., Jacob, C. J. Chapman, B. J. (2011). Enhancing food safety culture to reduce rates of foodborne illness. Food Control, 22 (6), pp. 817—822. Qiang , L ., Wen, L., Jing, W. Yue,D. (2011). Application of content analysis in food safety reports on the internet in china . Food Control 22, (2) 252- 256. Quyang,H.Y. (2011). Nearly 70 percent of the respondents felt insecure about food . 2010- 2011 Reports on consumer confidence in food safety . Insight China ,1 42- 45. Rayer ,M. Scarborough, P. ( 2005). The burden of food related ill health in the UK .Community Health Journal, 59 (12) 1054 – 1057. Scriven, A. (2010). Promoting health: A Practical guide . (6th ed.). Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall. Seedhouse,D. (2001). Health: The foundations for achievement .(2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley Son. Stable,Joy. (2009). Caring for older Jews. Nursing and Residential Care,11(12) 621- 623. World health organisation (2012) five keys to safer keeps . Retrieved 20 , April, 2014 from // www.who int/foodsafety/publications/ consumer/en/5keys _ en pdf. World Health Organization (2013). Facts on Food safety. Retrieved 22, April, 2014, from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/food_safety/facts/en/index6.html World health Organisation . Food safety and food illness fact sheet. Retrieved 22 , April , 2014, from www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet/fs237/en/. World health organisation. (2002). Who global strategy for safety , safer food for better health. Yang ,K.,wooner,R.,G Matthews, T.J.(2012). Collaborate learning among undergraduate students in community health nursing .Nursing Education in Practice ,12 (2), 72-76. Yiannas, F. (2009), Food Safety Culture: Creating a Behaviour Based Food Safety Management System, Springer, New York, NY. Zablotsky Kufel, J. S., Resnick, B. A., Fox, M. A., Mcgready, J., Yager, J. P. Burke, T. A. (2011). The impact of local environmental health capacity on foodborne illness morbidity in Maryland. American Journal Of Public Health, 101 (8).

The Prevention Of Computer Viruses Computer Science Essay

The Prevention Of Computer Viruses Computer Science Essay What is a computer virus? A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself[1] and infect a computer. The term virus is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. How are viruses transmitted can be transmitted person to individual by bodily fluids like HIV. Viruses approaching the common cold can be transported through the upper air we breathe. Viruses can also be transferred from your pets to you. Fortunately our body has an immunodefense workings that is intricately designed to row these pathogens. How do you prevent viruses? List the softwareà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s name. The internet is an amazing place that allows each and every one of us easy access to a wide variety of resources. Unfortunately, there is an increasing amount of viruses, worms, spyware and spam that can easily infect your computer. Your computer in fact may already be infected and you may not even know it. If your computer is unusually slow or crashes periodically, it may be infected. In fact, if you do not address the problem with this computer it may in fact infect other computers on your network. The result of a virus or worm attack can include an inability to access the internet, missing icons on your desktop, missing files and many other potential problems. There are ways, however, that you can fight back. Of course before making any changes to your computer, it is always a good idea to make a backup. FIGHT BACK 1. Run Microsoft Windows Update often. With new viruses and worms constantly being created, it is important to keep the Microsoft Windows operating system up to date. Go to http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com and follow the instructions on screen. By installing the critical updates found on the Windows Update website, you are greatly reducing the chances of your computer from becoming infected. 2. Update the virus pattern of your Anti-Virus software frequently. Almost all Anti-Virus software programs update automatically, but you will want to check to make sure that this process is taking place. If a new virus is introduced and your pattern file is out of date, you will not be adequately protected against this new threat. I highly recommend the use of Trend Micro PC-Cillin. Unlike other antivirus software programs, it does not tap your system resources by taking up a lot of memory. It also works in a very transparent fashion with continuous pattern updates. 3. Remove Spyware and Adware. When you visit websites or install new software, you may be inadvertently installing Spyware and Adware onto your computer. Spyware and Adware allows third parties to: (a) monitor the use of your computer over the internet and (b) market specific products to you on the internet based upon the use of your computer. Go to http://www.download.com in order to download and install: (1) Ad-aware and (2) Spybot Search Destroy. Properly updated, both of these programs will remove all known Spyware and Adware. 4. Prevent Spam. A large number of worms and viruses are distributed through spam email. The first step in preventing spam is to not post your email address on a website. If you need to provide a means for contacting you via email, you will want to create a submission form that does not display your MAILTO in the code/page source of your webpage. You may need to contact a web designer in order to properly implement this process into your website. Another method is to use the Master Spambot Buster which works just like a MAILTO link but without displaying your email address in the code for bots to pick up. In addition, you should always use Private Registration when registering a domain name for a website. If you go to http://www.netsol.com and do a WHOIS on your website, you do not want to see your email address publicly displayed in your domain record. Automated programs called robots regularly crawl websites such as this looking to pick up email addresses for use by companies that spam. If robots on the internet have already picked up your email address, you will of course want to use some form of spam prevention. Many web based mail programs already allow you the ability to prevent spam. However, many mail clients on business networks do not have this functionality. There are a variety of products in the marketplace to address this problem, but one of the most popular is http://www.spamarrest.com. By using Spamarrest.com, you manage who you allow or do not allow to receive email from. When someone sends you an email for the first time, they must verify that they sent you an email. If they do not, the email is placed in your unverified folder on Spamarrest.coms web servers. All blocked mail is then placed in Spamarrest.coms spam folder. Meanwhile all approved mail is sent as it normally would directly to your computers Inbox. CONSULT A PROFESSIONAL Although the software described here is easily used, different hardware and software configurations can lead to unexpected results that may damage your computer. If you are experiencing difficulties with viruses, worms, spyware or spam, you may want to consult a professional. How do you know that your computer is infected by a virus? If you suspect or confirm that your computer is infected with a computer virus, obtain the current antivirus software. The following are some primary indicators that a computer may be infected: The computer runs slower than usual. The computer stops responding, or it locks up frequently. The computer crashes, and then it restarts every few minutes. The computer restarts on its own. Additionally, the computer does not run as usual. Applications on the computer do not work correctly. Disks or disk drives are inaccessible. You cannot print items correctly. You see unusual error messages. You see distorted menus and dialog boxes. There is a double extension on an attachment that you recently opened, such as a .jpg, .vbs, .gif, or .exe. extension. An antivirus program is disabled for no reason. Additionally, the antivirus program cannot be restarted. An antivirus program cannot be installed on the computer, or the antivirus program will not run. New icons appear on the desktop that you did not put there, or the icons are not associated with any recently installed programs. Strange sounds or music plays from the speakers unexpectedly. A program disappears from the computer even though you did not intentionally remove the program Why virus-scanning software needs to be updated regularly ? computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself[1] and infect a computer. The term virus is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.[2] Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.[3][4] As stated above, the term computer virus is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware, even those that do not have the reproductive ability. Malware includes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware and other malicious and unwanted software, including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself automatically to other computers through networks, while a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but hides malicious functions. Worms and Trojan horses, like viruses, may harm a computer systems data or performance. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious or simply do nothing to call attention to themselves. Some viruses do nothing beyond reproducing themselves. The Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Policy: You should be ready to prove the authenticity of your work. If any form of plagiarism/reproduction of answers/work discovered, you will be awarded zero mark. Late submission of the assignment: If any late submission of your work, mark will be reduced. Your are expected to cover the following outcomes Outcome 4. You are expected to practice the skills that are related to the following graduate attribute: Recognize the importance of lifelong learning and are committed to self development Declaration by student (Hand written) TO MY LECTURER Mr. Sheik Mohammed I CERTIFY THAT ALL OF THIS WORK IS: (a) DONE BY MYSELF (b) PRINTED BY MYSELF Students signatureMahmood Khalfan Ali.. Submit ion Date: ..22j1047

Understanding and Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Preventi

â€Å"Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul.† -- Dave Pelzer, A Child Called "It"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child abuse, the physical and/or emotional abuse of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person, is a major problem in the United States. Child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder have increased and it is believed that many cases go unreported. Another for of child abuse is child neglect, which includes malnutrition, desertion, and inadequate care for a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efforts have increased on the primary prevention of child abuse. This must be started on many different levels before it can be successful. Prevention plans on a social level include increasing the economic self-sufficiency of families, preventing the birth of unwanted children, making health care more accessible, expanding and improving coordination of social services, improving the identification and treatment of psychological problems, and alcohol and drug abuse, and providing more affordable child care. Prevention plans on the family level include helping parents meet their basic needs, identifying problems of substance abuse and spousal abuse, and educating parents about child behavior, discipline, safety, and development. Primary prevention is to prevent the disease before it happens and reduce the chances of child abuse or negligence from happening.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between 1995 and today child abuse cases have increased by more than fifty percent. More than thirty-five percent of which were confirmed. Each year one hundred and sixty thousand children are abused severely, even to life threatening extents. One thousand to two thousand children are killed resulting form child abuse. One of twenty murder victims is a child. Murder is the fourth leading cause of death in children from ages five to fourteen. The murder of a baby within the first twenty-four hours of life, Neonaticide, accounts for forty-five percent of children’s death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most child abuse occurs in the home and is started by someone who is known and trusted by the child. Abuse in day care center and foster car settings are only a small part of confirmed cases, but are more widely publicized. In a household where spousal abuse takes place, child abuse is fifteen percent more likely to occur also. Children are three times more likely to be abused by father rather than mot... ...education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Number of children -Identify families with problems of:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Substance abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Domestic Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mental health -Offer new parents   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Services of a social worker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long-term home visitation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parenting classes -Educate new parents regarding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Developmental tasks of children Age-appropriate anticipatory guidance Nutrition and feeding problems Safety Discipline -Discourage corporal punishment -Survey parents to identity health issues that are of interest to them -Support universal health care for children -Advocate for community respite care for parents -Advocate for community alcohol and drug treatment, mental health, and spouse and child abuse centers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child abuse is a complex problem with many causes, it is important that people do not take a negative attitude toward its prevention. Although the absence of strong evidence to guide preventive efforts, society can do things to try to prevent abuse. Showing concern for the parents or care givers and increasing attempts to enhance their skills as parents or care givers may be able to help save our most vulnerable people, the children, from the nightmare of abuse and neglect.

SOCIETY VS INDIVIDUAL: REPRESSION ON DIONYSIAN PERSONALITY IN THE STRANGER :: essays research papers fc

Many books have been written by many authors that deal with a struggle between society and individual. Albert Camus’ The Stranger (L’à ©tranger) deals with this same topic, but it can be analyzed from a unique and very interesting point of view. The way of life of people can be analyzed by classifying them into two main forces that oppose each other. These forces were named after the Greek gods Apollo and Dionysus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theses terms were first used by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The main concept of the Apollonian personality is that these persons’ main mode of functioning is by reason, whereas the Dionysian personality functions by intuition. In Camus’ The Stranger, Mersault’s personality can be seen as Dionysian (reasons will be discussed later), but his main attitude towards society is quite Apollonian. This leads to the statement that the Dionysian personality of Mersault is restrained by society, making him seem or behave in an Apollonian style.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term Apollonian was first used by Nietzsche to represent principle of order, logic, clarity, moderation, and control in human personality and society. He applied the word Dionysian to represent spontaneity, passion, intuition, an excess in human personality, and rebellion against society. The Apollonian self is what makes people be organized, be on places on time, follow the rules, etc. An Apollonian person often wants solitude and quiet moments to think. Some of these persons often loose temper when they encounter their clashing personality, the Dionysian personality. The Dionysian personality always wants to have fun, live the moment, resist authority and act on hunches. A Dionysian person usually has a tendency to resist authority, jump to quick conclusions (whilst the Apollonian tends to think a lot before jumping to conclusions or making decisions) and indulge, or overindulge, him/herself. While the Apollonian person likes to have quiet time to think, a D ionysian person likes to daydream. The Dionysian personality basically revolves around the senses and what is natural and beyond reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Stranger, Mersault’s personality can be difficult to analyze. Some people say that his personality is strongly Apollonian; some say that he is a balance of both personalities, and others say that he is Dionysian. Mersault, as society sees him, he is an individual with antisocial traits, a person who rarely speaks and does not show many emotions. All these traits can be related to the Apollonian style. But we can also see that he enjoys laughing, going to the beach, basic human needs like eating, drinking and having sex and he resists or rebels against society.

Building Your Own Legacy: A Retirement Speech

It was 1966 when a young [man/woman] entered this company immature and raw, with an overall purpose of doing nothing but being able to exit it with the accomplishment that only the best employees could have done.This [man/woman] who is now about to exit the door of this company, now proudly declares that the best thing that an employee could have done in [his/her] working career is being able to leave behind a legacy that is unique to [his/her] characteristic and ability, receptive to all obtainable opportunities, passionate to all types of toil or hustle, and commendable to as many colleagues as the situation can.On this day, we commemorate the celebration of this [man/woman]’s retirement in a profession where only the striving is able to reach the end of the road, with a pen in the right hand and a pad on the left, regardless of our company’s opportunities, objectives, and general mission. This [man/woman] was able to contribute a great deal to us.It was the year 1973 when [he/she] was given an integrity award for being able to write a forty-two-paged report on the MA Hub Jetliner Crash in Boston on July of that same year. By 1979, [he/she] was declared as The Most Valuable Employee of the Year for having been driven public contribution that reached $2. 3 million in totality for the Give a Gift on Christmas. It was an award that repeated again in 1983 for our Share a Lot Project that gave the company recognition award from the U.  S. Department of Labor.There were also awards, recognitions and special accolades in the years 1987, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, and 2008 for achievements, which told us that this [man/woman] born in [name of city] is one that redefined the true meaning of what a real employee is: one that is built in true service of his department and the company for the betterment of the public and the country.It appears that the self is worthless without the passion to serve other people for a future that is bright, bountiful, and boo ming. Reference Events that touched our ancestors’ lives. (2008). Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www3. gendisasters. com/taxonomy_menu/4/239.