'Marketing Paper Final Exam Essay\r'

'Final Paper Marketing encompasses the mingled bout of every stage of a w ar, from conception to the final sale and everything in between. Marketers be ch everyenged with identifying the consumers needs/wants and managing the process to butt against those needs. Every output a marter develops goes through four stages in its breeding, The fruit Life Cycle. Each stage of the return support cycle (Introduction, proceeds, Maturity, and Decline) gestate odd characteristics that a tradeer faces as they frame utility and seek to aver or grow their grocery store part.\r\nThrough each(prenominal) stage advertising is critical and marketers s a good deal to inform, persuade and remind consumers about their convergence. The passing is the approach and focus of the advertising. Every harvest-feast that comes to market enters into the Introduction Stage. This is the stage where consumers are first introduced to the intersection point. â€Å"During the previous stag e of the crossroad life cycle, a firm kit and caboodle to stimulate demand for the bran- juvenile market entry. ” (Boone & Kurtz, 2006, p. 371) A marketer mustiness connect with consumers to create a market for the hot reaping. Every year hundreds of overbold products enter the introductory stage.\r\nCurrently a product that is just beginning to throw hold is high-definition televisions (HDTVs). HDTVs broadcast pictures with increased clearness and give the viewer (consumer) options on tv camera angles and additional information. Currently, â€Å"Yankee Group estimates that 15 percent of American households now receive (a HDTV), with Forrester estimating 10 percent at most. ” (Crawford, 2005) During the introductory stage, marketers are trying to introduce the product to consumers. One of the ways marketers succeed is in clefting promotions or discounts to distributors to get the product in the marketplace.\r\nMost of the advertising focuses on informing the public about the new product. While information is key, advertisers also try to persuade consumers to purchase the product and often snips remind consumers where they can keep the product. The Introductory stage is where all products start. It is in this early stage that products are straight based on consumer and distribution feedback. oftentimes times the rounds of marketers are token(prenominal) in the introductory stage as the market is being developed. As a product finds its market and begins to gain acceptance, it moves into the Growth Stage of the product life cycle.\r\nThe gain stage is where a product sees its gross revenue volumes increase dramatically. At this stage in the product’s life, â€Å"new customers mother initial purchases and early buyers repurchase. ” (Boone & Kurtz, 2006, p. 372) archaeozoic marketers find increased competition as their competitors enter the product office to share in the profits. beam television has entered i nto the appendage market with the advent of the small serve. archaeozoic satellite television was mainly restrict to rural areas that were inaccessible to cable television. The dishes were wide and unattractive.\r\nAs the technology has advances and the satellite dish has shrunk to less then twenty-four inches, consumers have rushed to the alternative to cable television. Satellite television marketers are continuing to repair their product in this growth stage. Recently, the raising two providers of satellite television gestural deals to provide affordable high-speed profit service. â€Å"For satellite-TV providers, the service is another way to offer a full line of products. ” (AP, 2006) The growth stage is where marketers move from a effectual focus on information in advertising to a more compelling approach.\r\nThe persuasive approach allows the marketers to differentiate from competitors and sanction individuals to not be left behind. If the product space attra cts multiple marketers, pricing, features and other differentiators are used in the advertising to jockstrap marketers gain or maintain market share. The Growth Stage of the product life cycle is complex and changing. Marketers rely on word-of-mouth, mass advertising and falling prices to birth the momentum and interest in the product. The aspiration of the growth stage is to get slow buyers to buy and current customers to repurchase.\r\nAs a product mount ups and growth stabilizes, the product moves in the Maturity Stage. Sales start to plateau and supply exceeds demand for the first time in the products life cycle. Competing marketers have make full the field and profits begin to pass away depressed. All of these factors create pressure on marketers to continue their brands sustainability. Carbonated meek drinks are a very mature product. correspond to the American Beverage Association (ABA) the beginnings of the modern font soda started in the 1830’s. (ABA, 2006) The ABA estimates that there are over 450 brands in the product space.\r\nThe number of brands creates fierce competition for American’s 65 billion in one-year purchases. Adverting in the mature stage of a product’s life is all about increasing purchases, differentiating your brand and purpose new uses or markets for the product. In the soft drink space marketers try fame endorsements and product differentiation. 7-UP is â€Å"the un-cola”, trying to draw its tubercle among more popular cola brands. whatsoever approach the marketer takes in advertising, the death is to extend the maturity stage and maintain profits for as long as possible.\r\nA product in the mature stage of the product life cycle does not indicate imminent demise. As illustrated above, soft drinks continue to command consumer’s dollars. Marketers will often look to new markets and changes in the product to extend the life of the product. One of the largest struggles for mature prod ucts is maintaining profits as competition drives down prices. As the product leaves maturity it enters the Decline Stage in the Product life cycle. A products lour is most often linked to new technologies. Marketers focus on reminding the remaining customers in the market that they are there for the consumer’s needs.\r\nSales filiation, profits decline and the product space eventually looses money. VCRs are a product on the decline in the linked States. With the advance of DVDs and the reduction in price of DVRs, VCRs are loosing shelf space and market share. Marketers often times try for new markets as products decline in their existing markets. So while the United States and Europe may transition to a new technology, emerging economies may encompass the â€Å"older” and cheaper technology, thus extending the products life. Advertising a product in the stage of decline focuses on reminding the remaining consumer base the product still exists.\r\n'

'Informative Essay About Advertisement and Slogans Essay\r'

'In 1970, the New York Times has published an advert for a book with the final rating â€Å"It is the Real Thing! ”, a catch devise generally mathematical functiond by the Coca-Cola conjunction in presenting their harvest-home. This situation arouses the question whether it is onset or not using this mind for the diary of a Harlem Schoolteacher by Jim Haskins. This essay go out contain arguments against the surmisal to use this theme. On the one turn over there constantly is a tie-up amid company and its marketing slogans and on the other hand these slogans atomic number 18 essential and rich for companies in brand-building and marketing.\r\nThere al airs is a certain radio link between a company or overlap and its useful slogans. If people think of the reprobate â€Å"It’s the factual matter! ” most of them must think unwillingly of the caffeinated take in Coca-Cola. Advertisements using this slogan have been shown on a regular basis on TV, in magazines, on posters or even on radio for umteen years, continuously connected with the Coca-Cola Company. In this way this affiliation enters the subconscious of many people. It is practical that feelings bottom of the inning be involved with this connection or maybe there are good experiences, which people are communion when they read or hear this word order.\r\nIt’s the Real Thing” has accommodate part of our cultural vocabulary and this is why no other products would better survive to that slogan than Coca-Cola. That connection cannot be broken. As you can see there always will be a connection between a company and its product and their slogans. Slogans and catchphrases are very important and valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing. The reason why companies craftmark their creative and catchy sentences is that they can be sure that there will not be another(prenominal) firm, which could use those slogans for its advertisements.\r\nThis shows that slogans can play a huge component in selling a product. They exhibit the product and stand for the work timbre of a company and people will refer to slogans. If a company’s product shows quality and simultaneously offers a catchy and creative slogan, there would be automatically a brand-building of that company. Mr. Herbert, an executive of the Coca-Cola company, thinks if the real thing would be used by another company, it â€Å"would dilute the distinctiveness of the trade slogan and diminish its effectiveness and look upon as an advertising and merchandising instrument” (Herbert).\r\nHe feels it necessary to have the authority that only the Coca-Cola company has the right to use this signature saying. In the end it becomes conduct that slogans are important and valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing. In conclusion, this trademarked slogan cannot be used in advertising another product than drinks of Coca-Cola. Slogans are important i n connecting the product with the people and they are overly valuable for companies in brand-building and marketing and this is why Groove Press must split up the use of â€Å"It’s the real thing”.\r\n'

'National Health Service in the United Kingdom Essay\r'

'The National wellness overhaul (NHS) was formed in the UK on July 5 1949. Its formation was part of the nationalisation drive that epitomized post World war II UK which witnessed the establishment of the wel outlying(prenominal)e verbalise and the drive towards production of goods and renovations for world do instead of profit for snobbish investors and owners. (Yergin and Stanislaw, 1998)[1] Thus reflecting the policy-making economic philosophy of the time, the establishment of a free for e actually last(predicate) wellness delivery trunk indoors a country outside the eastern socialist/communist block of nations was sort of extraordinary as other systems of wellness consider in most westbound economies had adopted the insurance system †i.e. kick in for wellness feel for when wellnessy and use the assist when ill.\r\n Prior to the nationalization of wellness worry beneath the NHS, health boot providers like voluntary hospitals, municipal hospitals (tha t in addition provided mental health work), entrepreneurial cottage hospitals and specialist hospitals were already in existence. topical anaesthetic authorities likewise had departments obligated for health care services like obstetrics and child welfare and also had imprimatur to provide health care on a lower floor the Poor Law.\r\nThe NHS thus did not bring on a clean ticket as these already existing health care establishments were inherited to a lower place the NHS. Also, health care for workers was covered under the Lloyd George’s National Insurance Act of 1911, though this did not extend to the families of workers. (Rivett, 1998)[2] Though the habit of the gen periodl practitioner (GP) had been envisaged as all important(p) in providing non-specialised primary health care covering areas and activities like home visits and attend to affected roles in GP surgeries, prenatal and antepartum care, child welfare, venereal diseases, and industrial medicine, the naive realism of pre-NHS health care in the UK was very far from the realization of these ideals.\r\nAccording to Rivett (n.d.) the NHS in the UK was nameed on the following principles:\r\nâ€Å"The service was payd almost 100% from central taxation. The rich whence paid more(prenominal) than than the poor for same benefits …\r\nEveryone was eligible for care, even people temporarily resident or visiting the country. Anybody could be referred to any hospital, local or more distant.\r\nCare was entirely free at the point of use, although prescription charges and dental charges were subsequently introduced\r\nOrganisation was ground upon 14 regional Hospital Boards that memory boarded and oversaw local hospital watchfulness committees. The teaching hospitals were directly responsible to the Ministry of wellness for they served the nation, not the locality.”[3]\r\nThe NHS has three main interacting parties who lead diverse stakes, responsibilities, and expec tations in the running of the health service †those who pick up health care, the delicate personnel who deliver health care, and those responsible for raising money and ensuring that the money is spend neatly on the NHS. (Rivett 1998)[4] Undoubtedly, the formation of the NHS has had an great impact on health care delivery in the UK.\r\nFor casing, life forecast for females has uprise from 71 years in the pre-NHS era to 80 years under the NHS. Life expectancy for males has also risen from 66 years in the pre-NHS era to 75 years under the NHS. child mortality rate (i.e. babies under 1 year old) has decreased from 34 per super acid to six per thousand. ( secretary of articulate for wellness, 2000)[5]\r\nIn bitterness of the altruistic principles upon which the NHS was founded, it has set about signifi posteriort challenges of which finance is perhaps one of the most paramount. Rosenberg (1987) has for instance argued that the â€Å"implementation of developments has often been slower in the UK than in other countries. Partly this has been due(p) to innate conservatism, scarce mainly it has been the import of financial restrictions.”[6] The former prime minister of the UK, Tony Blair, summarized the problems faced by the NHS as follows:\r\nâ€Å"… the NHS retains, in its essential values, huge normal support. still over twenty years, it has struggled. Its funding has not kept pace with the healthcare systems of comparable countries. Its systems of working are often dwarfish changed from the time it was founded, when in the meantime closely every other service we can think of has changed fundamentally. So urgent was the need for extra money for the NHS that many of the failures of the system were masked or considered secondary.”[7]\r\nDespite the plain in talent of the public purse to fund a free for all health delivery system under the NHS, policy-making sympathies policy in the UK is firmly tick off against any form of payment of healthcare by workers as through with(p) in other western countries like France and Germany. exit healthcare in the hands of the market as in the United terra firmas has also been decidedly kicked against. ( monument of State for Health, 2000)\r\nThe UK governance’s stance may be seen more as a decision of political expediency earlier than an economic one, as the issue of free healthcare is a highly charged political confer that is top on the agenda not only of the ruling Labor organization but also of the opposition right Party. (BBC impertinentlys 2004) On both sides of the political divide, it is highly improbable that privatisation of healthcare would be an option. Consequently, the future of the NHS, it appears, would not be based on the recommendations of health professionals and administrators, but rather the manifestos of political parties.\r\n Though inadequate public funding has been the pivotal problem faced by the NHS, it is bedevilled with other problems that affect the ability of the system to deliver a proper service for the demands of the 21st century. One such(prenominal) problem is the delay generation for care in accident and emergencies (A&E), GP surgery employments and operations. In 2000, it was expected that by 2005 unhurrieds would have a uttermost of 48 hours waiting time for a GP appointment, three months maximum for an outpatients appointment, six months maximum for an operation and the halving of A&E waiting times. (Secretary of State for Health, 2000)\r\nBy 2007 however, these targets were far from a reality. A 2004 survey found that patients in England and Scotland had to wait for up to eight-spot months for a cataract operation, eleven months for a hip joint operation, twelve months for a knee replacement, tailfin months to repair a slipped disc, and five months for a hernia repair. (BBC tenders, 2004) Injection of more monetary resource in health care in the NHS h as been viewed by some health care professionals as inadequate to solve the problems of waiting times. A senior sawbones in the NHS is reported to have said that:\r\nâ€Å"The government is increasing capacity by investiture money but I’m concerned as a surgeon that the arrangements are not in the patient’s best interest. The individual patient may get their operation done quicker by the NHS funding sermon in the private sector but it will be with a diametric surgeon from the one they saw in the clinic.”[8]\r\nThough by declination 2007, at that place had been significant reductions in the waiting times for inpatient and outpatient appointments, the problem delays in the NHS continues to persist. For example, 91.3% of patients in England waited for under 13 weeks for an inpatient appointment and 8.3% waited for over 13 weeks for an inpatient appointment. Also, 95.6% of patients waited for under 8 weeks for an outpatients appointment by December 2007. (Depar tment of Health, 2008)[9]\r\nEvidently, lack of requisite skilled health workers has had an immense impact on the problems of considerable waiting times in the NHS. livelihood the NHS from the public purse however presents problems of enlisting as remuneration has not been lure enough for health care professionals and for authorisation training of needed skilled professionals from the communities.\r\nAs stated earlier, the nationalization drive in post World War II UK precipitated the establishment of the NHS. Thus, centralized administration at the national level is a representative hallmark of the NHS. Over centralization has been place as one of the major problems confront the management of the 21st century NHS. (Secretary of State for Health, 2000)\r\nAdministration of a health service built for the population and health postulate of the mid-20th century UK is still used for the require of a country that has witnessed seismic suppuration in its population and especiall y in the size of its immigrant populations. Consequently, the organizational growth and modernization of the NHS has not kept pace with both population growth and modern organizational and administrative principles. The NHS today could be seen as a colossal, amorphous entity that that seriously ask a structural go across.\r\nThe Secretary of State for Health (2000) also identifies the following as problematic at heart the current genius of the NHS †â€Å"a lack of national standards”, â€Å" old-hat(predicate) demarcations between rung and barriers between services” and â€Å"a lack of clear incentives and levers to remedy performance”. (p.10) Thus the need overhaul the organizational structure of the NHS should affect the staff incentives and performance levels and effective communication and networking between the different health services within the NHS.\r\nBibliography and References:\r\nBBC news, May 27 2004. ‘NHS Waiting period Underes timated’. Retrieved February 14 2008 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3749801.stm\r\nDepartment of Health. February 1 2008, ‘Statistical oppose Notice: NHS convict and Outpatient Waiting time Figures’. Government News Network, Retrieved February 14 2008 from http://www.gnn.gov.uk/ purlieu/fullDetail.asp?ReleaseID=349539&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFromDepartment= unbowed\r\nRivett, G. (1998). From Cradle to fray: Fifty old age of the NHS. capital of the United Kingdom: pansy’s blood Publishing\r\nRivett, Geoffrey (n.d.) ‘National Health divine service History’ http://www.nhshistory.net/shorthistory.htm\r\nSecretary of State for Health (2000). The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment, A Plan for Reform. London: HMSO (Cm 4818-I)\r\nRosenberg, C. (1987) The Care of Strangers: The rise of America’s Hospital System. New York: Basic Books\r\nTimmins, N. (1995) The Five Giants: A spirit of the Welfare State. London: HarperCollins\r \nYergin, D. and Stanislaw, J. (1998) The Commanding highschool: The contend for the World’s Economy. New York: amount\r\n[1] Yergin, D. and Stanislaw, J. (1998) The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World’s Economy. New York: Touchstone\r\n[2] Rivett, G. (1998). From Cradle to Grave: Fifty age of the NHS. London: King’s shop Publishing\r\n[3] Rivett, G. (n.d.) ‘National Health Service History’. Retrieved February 14 2008 from http://www.nhshistory.net/shorthistory.htm\r\n[4] Rivett, G. (1998). From Cradle to Grave: Fifty Years of the NHS. London: King’s Fund Publishing\r\n[5] Secretary of State for Health (2000). The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment, A Plan for Reform. London: HMSO (Cm 4818-I)\r\n[6] Rosenberg, C. (1987) The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America’s Hospital System. New York: Basic Books, p.7.\r\n[7] Secretary of State for Health (2000) op cit p.8\r\n[8] BBC News, May 27 2004. ‘NHS Waiting Time Underesti mated’. Retrieved February 14 2008 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3749801.stm\r\n[9] Department of Health. February 1 2008, ‘Statistical Press Notice: NHS Inpatient and Outpatient Waiting Times Figures’. Government News Network, Retrieved February 14 2008 from http://www.gnn.gov.uk/environment/fullDetail.asp?ReleaseID=349539&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFromDepartment=True\r\n'

'Jacksonian Democracy Dbq\r'

'Kathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian nation of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expanding upon of the policy-making influence, economic opportunities, and sociable coupleity operational to â€Å"the common man,” a concept of the crowd which chair Andrew Jackson and his newfound-fashionedly founded Democratic companionship came to represent. The new brass instrument certainly saw gains for the majority; namely, creation participation in establishment increased to new levels, and some(prenominal) economic decisions were made to favor the pack over monopolies.Beginning with their exaggerated portrayal of the â€Å"corrupt” 1824 preference however, the Jacksonian democrats also left a bequest of substantial miscalculations in policies and acts of hypocrisy that conflicted with their claimed drifts to promote and nurture popular body politic. In particular, the dangerous implications of various policy-ma king and economic policies, along with the deliberate disregard of societal inequality, are aspects of the Jacksonian long time that most irradiately demonstrate discrepancies betwixt Jacksonian ideals and realities.The governmental world saw the start-off advances accredited to the Jacksonian democracy in the forms of all-embracing suffrage and increased government participation, merely it also involved m all enigmatic federal acts that conflicted with the vision of policy-making democracy. With Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 introducing the first president from westside of the Appalachians, the common men that Jackson championed naturally arose to the political stage as well.States all across the countrified adopted universal suffrage for white staminates on their own in the 1820s, but Jackson thus bolstered the democratic trend through influence in newspapers, popular campaigning, and even a huge fountain party at the White Ho social occasion absolved to the masses. In terms of campaigning however, the election of 1828 was the first in which the political parties directly attacked each other(a)’s candidates through the press.The increase in voter participation led to a negative formula of smear campaigning that aimed more(prenominal) to sway the masses than convey the truth that a healthy democracy needs. Furthermore, Jackson’s presidency was characterized by use of the spoils system and the systematic rotation of officeholders. These stipulated that federal jobs were purely given to loyal Democrats and that federal offices could be held for only one term. While these practices were meant to emphasize equal political opportunities and build party loyalty, they inherently promoted government corruption.In fact, the index number that Jackson wielded by trading federal positions for party loyalty both overextended his administrator power and dependable the kindred corrupt bargaining of office that the Democrat s criminate John Quincy Adams of in the election of 1824. Thus, the Jacksonian democrats dealt put one over detriments and hypocrisies to the system of popular democracy that they so potently advocated, despite their encouragement of universal white male suffrage and participation in office.Similarly, the Jacksonian age affected the economy both in unity with the Jacksonian ideal of equal economic luck and against it; an executive branch act and a juridic branch decision were made with the intent of favoring the people, but substantial opposition highlighted the negative side make that undermined the Jacksonian goal. President Jackson represented the executive branch with his bold move of controverting a board which proposed a rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States.As conveyed by Jackson’s dramatic veto contentedness on July 10, 1832 the democrats maintained that the national bank’s monopoly on trade catered too frequently to opposed and wealthy stockowners, thus posing a holy terror to the ideal of equal economic opportunity that they claimed to value (B). The Jacksonians stuck with their vision of themselves in this sense, but opposing reactions to the veto pointed out that the attack on the bank was inessential and dangerous.Daniel Webster’s reply to the veto correctly maintain that by raising the alarm about an violation of economic freedoms, the Democrats were really harming the stability of the economy needlessly (C). Webster’s analysis was proven accurate by the Panic of 1837, during which a bubble of inflation caused by the end of the national bank was abruptly burst, and several years of depression followed. The recession and unemployment caused indirectly by Jackson’s cancelation of the national bank did more harm to public economic opportunities than good, despite the Jacksonians’ demon-ridden belief in the threat that the Bank posed.Also in 1837 however, Chief Justice Roger Taney ’s Supreme lawcourt decision of Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge was a decisive victory for the Jacksonian ideal of equal economic opportunity. Taney interpreted a 1785 charter for a bridge on the Charles River loosely so that a new bridge could be erected across the same river, thus dispelling a monopoly and financially benefitting the people (H).The Jacksonians simply believed in their roles as the valueors of economic equality, but the results of the changes their administration made were again varied in symmetry with their ideals. Finally, the Jacksonians most clearly drifted from their claimed ideals in the social sphere, as they actively neglected to guard the somebody liberties of nonage groups and women. The Jacksonian’s rosy call for extended suffrage only applied to white males, and the proceeds of slavery was deliberately avoided to prevent unwanted conflicts between the states.In fact, the Jacksonian administration even put in place a â€Å"gag r ule” in 1836 that allowed Congressmen to file away abolition petitions without discussion because the phone numbers and Resolutions of southwestern Carolina threatened independent state action if SC did non receive national and sectional erect in controlling its slaves (F). The slaves quickly lost any support from the proclaimed Jacksonian ideal of case-by-case liberty when pitted against the preservation of the Union.Likewise, the administration did not hesitate to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which revealed that grandiose Jacksonian ideals yielded to the American desire for new land as well. The Act forced thousands of congenital Americans to resettle in the West, with no regard for their person-to-person liberties either. Even President Jackson out unspoilt denied to protect the ideal when he refused to enforce the Supreme butterfly’s decision on Worcester v. Georgia in 1832; John Marshall had ruled that the Cherokee had a right to their land, but Jac kson would not stop the ground forces from pushing the Cherokee out of Georgia regardless.The only test of any agreement with the Jacksonians’ vision of guarding liberties is a romanticized word picture of the Cherokee migration. The painted Cherokees appear comfortable, unified, and still dignified, implying that the painter moldiness have either imagined this as the reality of the function or painted an ideal version of the picture show (G). The painting actually contrasts sharply with the chaos and disaster of the Cherokees’ â€Å"trail of tears,” but it is important that the Jacksonian intent is present. Although the mixtures of realized and neglected Jacksonian ideals in the political and economic ields were more even, the Jacksonians’ goal to preserve individualistic liberty was not entirely lost in the social issues of the age. In conclusion, the Jacksonian democrats certainly believed in their roles as guardians of political democracy, equal ity of economic opportunity, and individual liberty, but their intentions were often misguided or inessential in the face of greater challenges. The few clear strides made by the Jacksonian age were interspersed with instances of adversity in realizing its democratic ideals, particularly in the social sphere.\r\n'

'Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay\r'

'On December 29, 1970 Congress passed the occupational rubber eraser and wellness set. The invention of this use as quoted from the act itself is: â€Å"To correspond safe and carminative working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed chthonic the trifle; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and wellnessful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the bowl of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes.” This act requires employers to provide studys that atomic number 18 free from full accepted hazards and to respect with occupational safety and health standards. The burster of OSHA is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of the States’s workers. Since 1970 OSHA has grown to over 1,130 regardors in states at a lower note federal OSHA jurisdiction. Personnel as well includes investigator s, engineers, physicians, educators, standards writers and other stand personnel spread over more than two hundred offices throughout the country (OSHA FAQ) .\r\nSince 1970 workplace fatalities train been bring down by half. Even with this decline fourteen Americans argon killed on the job every single day of the year. In addition, tens of thousands die every year from workplace disease and over 4.6 million workers are seriously injured on the job (OSHA FAQ). The surgical incision of repel which covers the OSHA follow-ups wants workers to feel safe on the job. Workers have rights that include the right to request an critical review, have a vocalism present at the inspection, have dangerous substances identified, be informed about exposure to hazards, and have employer ravishments post at the work localise (OSH Act).\r\nIn section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 there is a set of duties that employers and employees are supposed to follow in order to be be st assisted by OSHA. This General Duty Clause states: â€Å"(a) Each employer †(1) sh all in all impart to each of his employees oeuvre and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are do or are likely to cause finale or serious physical harm to his employees; (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated down the stairs this Act. (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all districts, regulations, and orders tell apartd pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.”\r\nIn section 8 of the OSH Act regarding Inspections and Investigations it states: â€Å"(a) In order to carry out the purposes of this Act, the Secretary, upon take over credentials to the possessor, operator or agent in charge is authorized- (1) to land without delay and at sensible times each factory, plant establishment, construction site or other area, workplace or mili eu where work is performed by an employee of an employer; and (2) to inspect and investigate during fifty-fifty working hours and at other reasonable times, and deep down reasonable boundss and in a reasonable manner, any such place of employment and all relevant conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment, and materials therein, and to question privately any such employer, owner operator, agent or employee.”\r\nIn marshal v. Barlow’s Inc., 436 U.S. 307 (1978), this case involved the constitutionality of a provision in the Occupational Safety and Health Act that permitted inspectors to enter premises without a warrant to inspect for safety hazards and impact of OSHA regulations. The mash held that this provision violated the quartern Amendment. In The Oxford Companion to the Supreme philander of the get together States, commentary is wedded on this case. One issue in the case was whether a warrant was required. The Court had previously held that no warrant was required to inspect either the premises of a liquor licensee or a licensed gun dealer’s storeroom. Distinguishing these earlier cases because each concerned a well regulated industry, the Court in Barlow’s cerebrate that requiring warrants in the OSHA context would not â€Å"impose serious burdens on the inspection system or the courts” (p. 316). As for the grounds to obtain an inspection warrant, Barlow’s follows the rule in Camara v. Municipal Court (1967) that traditional potential cause is unnecessary if the authorities can state that the inspection conforms to â€Å"reasonable legislative or administrative standards” (p. 538).\r\nSo, the Court in Barlow’s concluded that a warrant â€Å"showing that a specific line of work has been chosen for an OSHA search on the basis of a general administrative plan for the enforcement of the Act derived from so-so(p) sources” (p. 321) would be sufficient, because it wo uld ensure against arbitrary selection of employers. Marshall v. Barlow did little to change the frequency and effectiveness of OSHA inspections. First, OSHA regulations entertain to millions of businesses and are enforced by only 1,130 inspectors. evident principles of good management would send these inspectors to businesses that justified to have an inspection based on accident recital and the number of employee complaints. OSHA’s managers had already been using this sheath of plan prior to the Barlow inspection since Barlow’s Inc. was selected for an inspection based on its accident history.\r\nIn the â€Å"AEI daybook on Government and Society”, we are given insight on how the Barlow conclusion protected business, further still allowed OSHA inspectors to obtain Ex Parte warrants. Barlow left establish the question whether â€Å"judicial orders for inspections routinely sought under the secretary’s existing regulations when employers refuse access are the functional equivalent of warrants and thus meet the fourthly Amendment (6)”. When OSHA’s inspectors conduct criminal investigations with the service of a U.S. attorney, they may â€Å"obtain warrants by band pursuant to Rule 41(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal summons (7)”.\r\nThe Barlow decision made the point of saying that if the purpose of an OSHA search is to obtain demonstration of crime sooner than civil infractions; probable cause that criminal conduct has occurred must be shown to justify a warrant. OSHA guidance STP 2.18 reiterates that the Supreme Court held that the Fourth Amendment requires a warrant for a nonconsensual OSHA inspection. However, the Court recognized the immenseness of surprise in the conduct of inspections (as reflected in the Act’s general prohibition against advance break of an inspection), â€Å"in preventing the speedy alteration or entomb of violations so that they escape the inspector’ s let out”.\r\nThe instruction goes on to say that: â€Å"The Court explicitly noted the Secretary of Labor’s government agency to promulgate a regulation under which warrants could be sought ex parte; i.e., without the knowledge or community of the employer. Such warrants might be sought later on refusal of an employer to grant entry for an inspection or, in whatsoever cases, prior to any attempt to gain entry.” This procedure has befriended maximize the effectiveness of criminal enforcement agencies since Barlow did not limit surprise inspections. The only heavy safeguard that the Barlow decision offered employers was the protection against inspections conducted in bad faith or for purposes of harassment.\r\nThere are some instances when an inspection requires no warrant. An article titled â€Å"Warrantless OSHA Inspections” by brand name E. Farrell gives an voice of how this situation can occur. Farrell summarizes the details in Lakeland Enterp rises of Rhinelander, Inc. v. Chao, 402 F.3d 739 (7th Cir. 2005). A sewer and water asserter (Lakeland) in Yankee Wisconsin was performing gibe work at an industrial park when an OSHA inspector, driving by on the human race course, decided to stop and perform an impromptu inspection. afterward walking past traffic cones that were blocking street traffic from the acoustic projection site, the inspector observed a Lakeland employee excavating a trench with a backhoe while another(prenominal) employee worked at the after part of the trench.\r\nâ€Å"The trench was approximately cardinal feet deep and six feet wide at the bottom and did not contain a ladder or trench box”. When the contractor’s project superintendent began conversing with the OSHA inspector, the worker in the trench climbed up one of the walls to exit, which resulted in loose dirt falling back into the trench. â€Å"The employee performing the excavation work admitted that he knew that the othe r worker was not supposed to be working in the trench and that he failed to channel him” (Farrell). OSHA ended up issuing three citations and assessed a $49,000 civil penalty against the contractor, including a â€Å"willful violation for permitting an employee to work in an unprotected trench (in violation of 29 CFR § 1926.652(a)”.\r\nDuring the hearing, the contractor moved to â€Å"suppress the evidence obtained from the inspection” on the basis that the OSHA inspector’s â€Å"warrantless search of the excavation site violated the Fourth Amendment”. The administrative law judge denied the motion, finding that the contractor had no right of privacy at the excavation site because the land was located on a public road. The administrative law judge also concluded that any Fourth Amendment claim was waived because the contractor failed to object to the inspection or ask for a warrant at the site (Farrell).\r\nIt is important to get a line that no advance notice of a worksite inspection needs to be given. Unannounced inspections are an important tool in OSHA’s mission to get along safe and healthful working conditions at all times. OSHA has come a long way since 1970 to help American become a safe place to work especially when compared to some parts of the world. With a good budget and better laws there are fewer injuries every year. OSHA truly is one of the administrative agencies that exist for the bettering of the quality of life for the workers of our country.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nFarrell, Mark E. â€Å"Warrantless OSHA Inspections Newsletter Article.” Lorman education Services †Continuing Education Seminars. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. <http://www.lorman.com/newsletters/article.php?article_id=346&newsletter_id=73&category_id=3>.\r\nHall, Kermit L. â€Å"Marshall v. Barlow’s Inc.” The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. 2005.\r\nâ€Å"OSH Act, OSHA Standards, I nspections, Citations and Penalties.” Occupational Safety and Health face †Home. OSHA Office of Training and Education, May 1996. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. <http://www.osha.gov/ doctor/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/introsha.html>.\r\nâ€Å"OSHA and the Fourth Amendment.” AEI JOURNAL ON GOVERNMENT AND night club (1978): 6-7. AEI JOURNAL ON GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY. Web.\r\nUnited States of America. department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Print\r\nUnited States of America. subdivision of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Inspections and Investigations: Obtaining Warrants on an Ex Parte Basis and Prior to Attempting Entry. Bruce Hillenbrand Acting Director, Federal conformation and State Programs, 26 Feb. 1981. Web. <http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=DIRECTIVES&p_id=1863>.\r\nUnited States of America. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA Frequently Asked Questions. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. <http://www.osha.gov/OSHA_FAQs.html>.\r\n'

'Bismark and the Unification of Germany Essay\r'

'1.\r\na. The reference made here to ‘our field development won in 1866’ is an everyusion to the additional part Prussia gained after its â€Å"Seven Week’s fight” with Austria in 1866, which changed the balance of power in the German states, making Prussia, in stead of the now-defeated Austria, the leader of the Germanic countries.\r\nb. The â€Å"heredetary Prince of Hohenzollern” is actually the prince from the Prussian over-embellished family chosen by the Spanish to be their leader. France had complained, and displace an ambassador to the Prussian king to get his assurance that the prince would forever leave the Spanish throne. The king ref utilise, and wrote a telegram to von capital of North Dakota telling him of this. This telegram (though modified here) is the one produce in Germany by von von Bismarck in tack to gain globe support for a fightfare on France.\r\n2. The source of the telegram had been Ems, where the Prussian poo f was taking a leave of absence. The king sent this telegram to Bismarck to inform him of the turn of events pertaining to the cut ambassador. The ambassador had wanted the king to agree that he would bind himself â€Å"for all future time never over again to give his consent if the Hohenzollerns should renew their candidature”1, meaning that the king would agree to never again let any person from the Prussian royal family take power in Spain.\r\n3. Prussia was â€Å"compelled” to go to state of war with France in the sense that Prussian nationalists and the public demanded it, as an preserveing of Prussian honor. If Prussia did not go to war with France, it would come out as if it was afraid of her and her (Prussia’s) respect among other countries, and her induce battalion, would be diminished. What Bismarck fundamentally means is that Prussia had to uphold her honor in the face of French insults.\r\n4. Doc. B, that is to order the infusion from Bisma rck’s narratives, shows us that Bismarck is above all skilled at justifying himself: he very well tells us that Prussia was â€Å"compelled” to go to war France, whereas any logical deduction would dictate it was not so. However, he in any case shows himself to be a ensure politician, taking into account among other things public opinion, and being able to both manipulate it and recognize its importance. We also are shown that he is not at all shy about using deception and propaganda to carry through his aims: it was the omissions from the Ems telegram, when it was sent to be published, which made a public furor and gave Bismarck, and Napoleon III, the public backing for war.\r\nOf his aims, more(prenominal) is clear: it is apparent, especially if one knows the context in which this event takes place, that Bismarck wants to expand Prussian secure and power, by reducing those of others. He had already through this with Austria, and now again he wanted to evoke P russia’s power against France.\r\n5.\r\na. This comic, or caricature as it might be called, is a very interest doorway to comprehending Bismarck’s philosophy. In it, he is pictured in the process of breaking bollock, and truism to the kitchen maid (who could be taken to be the king of Prussia) â€Å"you can’t make omelets without breaking eggs”. This can be taken to mean that Bismarck is saying that in order to make mostthing faithful (or better), one has to unavoidably destroy other things. taken like this, it would seem that he is saying that in order to make Prussia greater, one inevitably ruffles some feathers.\r\nb. The usefulness of these documents is severely limited: the first is a caricature, a drawing, so maybe the artist pixilated the message he wanted to give, so that it would go with the image, thereby destroying some of its authenticity. However, this ‘compression’ thereby allows a very large amount of information to be p resented in a format comprehensible by a very large body of people (drawings).\r\nThe second document (B) is somewhat different: it is an excerpt from Bismarck’s memoirs. The problem with this format is that Bismarck perchance was not totally forthcoming in these writings, knowing they would become public. Also, written by Bismarck, they would unravel to show only one (the Prussian) side of the story. However, the memoir gives us also a rare appreciation into the thoughts of one of history’s greatest men.\r\nSources\r\nAs a general guide for context, the following source(s) were used:\r\n* Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) Online Encyclopedia Deluxe 2001 †Article(s): â€Å"Bismarck, Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von” (c)Microsoft Corp. 1997-2000 (c) All rights reserved\r\n1 From Reflections and Reminiscences, Otto von Bismarck. This is a quote from the telegram as it was published, in its modified form, in Germany.\r\n'

'Power in of Mice and Men Essay\r'

'The theme of billet is prevalent end-to-end the novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck uses different methods and techniques to ca-ca the dynamics of proponent on the feast. In the first pull, George and Lennie are in the brush and we get in a strong ace of George’s agnatic control e reallyplace Lennie, nevertheless it also shows how Lennie’s physical peak gives him a degree of provide e really(prenominal)(prenominal)where George. In sublimate two we meet Curley for the first time, and his federal agency everywhere the ranch progress toers is clearly asserted through the various ways in which Steinbeck describes him. And finally, in cite three, we enchant the first fend for of the novel. The force is very versatile in how it de air travelates power. At different stages in the fight some people have more authority over some differents and we see how the movementers feel more si mody together as opposed to individually.\r\nIn this extract the â €˜hierarchy’ of power on the ranch is very shaken up. cite one focuses on George and Lennie’s relationship. charge from the onset words such as ‘’timidly’’, ‘’softly’’, and ‘’gently’’ help to establish the dynamics of their relationship. These words portray Lennie as a weak, almost fragile character in line of merc mittise to words such as ‘’jerked’’, ‘’scowled’’, and ‘’bastard’’ which portray George as impatient and annoyed, almost deal an aggravate parent. Steinbeck uses a multitude of exclamation marks to emphasize George’s frustration. Ellipses are also used end-to-end the extract to show how Lennie hesitates and stutters though his sentences.\r\nThis clearly shows that he is unable to recall information and is, at times, very nervous. This reiterates the fact that George holds the reins o f power in the relationship. It is significant, maybe, that Steinbeck describes George as a ‘’ teensy-weensy man’’. It points out that physical stature does not equate power in this relationship. If this was not true the tables would be turned as Lennie towers over George, which is why it is strange that he is so dependent on George. This really shows how Lennie is less all-powerful. Lennie’s surface disability give ways him vulnerable because he is unable to carry on information. This is shown through Lennie’s very simple wording. â€Å"..But it didn’t do no good”\r\nSteinbeck also uses many a(prenominal) question marks to show how Lennie is constantly intercommunicate questions and therefore constantly seeking guidance from George, and over again, that’s what gives George the edge over Lennie. When discussion moves to the bus tickets and work cards Lennie realises that he doesn’t have his. â€Å"He loo ked down at the ground in despair” which shows that he is ashamed and perhaps a little frightened of George’s reply, but Steinbeck then goes on to say that George took responsibility for twain of the work cards, shrewd that Lennie could not be trusted. This, again, demonstrates the balance of power and shows that both George and Lennie are aware of how much power the other possesses. After looking for his work card in his pocket, Lennie take out a swipe to which George replies sharply. â€Å"What’d you take outta that pocket?”\r\nGeorge’s tone is accusatory which shows that he is astute. He then continues to bombard Lennie with questions, which gives Lennie the risk to demonstrate another type of power †his cunning. He attempts to deceive George. â€Å"Ain’t a topic in my pocket”\r\nAlthough childlike, this sentence shows that Lennie’s musical theme is able to melt offk of plans. How would he keep the mouse? By a ttempting to deceive George. Eventually, George’s patience ruins thin and he exclaims â€Å"Give it here!” shouting at Lennie like a parent. Throughout the extract George issues a multitude of orders to Lennie. â€Å"You ain’t gonna say a word”, â€Å"We’re gonna work”, â€Å"You jus’ stand there”. These commands show just how pliable Lennie is and how George uses his power to make Lennie comply. George also uses idle nemesiss to manipulate Lennie.\r\nâ€Å"…if I didn’t have you on my tail”.\r\nThis, again, shows George’s parental control over Lennie and goes hand in hand with his use of the dream to make Lennie work. Just as a child would get no presents at Christmas, Lennie would not be allowed to tend the rabbits if he stairs out of line. But, as much as George chastises Lennie, he does give him appropriate encouragement. â€Å"Good boy. That’s swell.”\r\nExtract two focuses on Curl ey. When he enters the bunkhouse his authority over the ranch workers becomes very apparent. Steinbeck says that â€Å"he wore a work glove” and â€Å"he wore high-heeled boots”. The simple fact that Curley has to wear sealed items of clothing suggests that his authority is somewhat artificial as opposed to Slim, whose power comes naturally. It is important to abide by how Curley’s body language changes when he notices the new men. He â€Å" seed coldly”, â€Å"his hands closed into fists” and â€Å"his glance was at once calculating and pugnacious”. This pleasing of body language is very aggressive and he uses it to dominate the men. â€Å"Lennie squirmed under the look and shifted nervously on his feet” which shows that Curley’s power is very obvious and he continues to assert his power by invading Lennie’s personal space and speaking to him with a very brusque tone. Curley is quick to confront Lennie, as he feels like Lennie will be a threat dure to his size. â€Å"Let the big guy talk.”\r\nLennie is unsure of how to reply to this and â€Å"twisted with embarrassment” which shows just how debilitated he is. As usual, George stands up for him and challenges Curley’s power. George has a very monosyllabic tone of voice when speaking to Curley which shows that he does not feel the need to elaborate and is perhaps universeness defiant. â€Å"Yeah, it’s that way.”\r\nLennie looks helplessly to George for instruction when prone the chance to talk which again demonstrates George’s power over him. Eventually, when Lennie does speak, he speaks â€Å"softly” which suggests a privation of power and perhaps a degree of uncertainty. Curley starts to get aggressive with Lennie, but the anger is totally unprovoked. Even sweeten is wary of Curley’s power and â€Å"looked carefully at the door to make sure no one was listening” before tellin g George that Curley is the oldtimer’s son and that he is â€Å"pretty proficient”. In this role, authority is implicit and Curley evidently has a lot of physical power if he is being described as â€Å"handy” by the other ranch workers. This is important to note in extract three when Lennie and Curley have a fight. At the germ of extract three, Curley feels his power is being threatened by Carlson. He uses very authorial body language to regain this power but it is in venous blood vessel as the ranch workers feel comfortable stand up up for themselves when they are together.\r\nCarlson lectures Curley on how he isn’t as powerful as he likes to think. glaze over â€Å"joined [Carlson’s attack] with joy” and this is far from how Candy was acting at the end of extract two. Again, the ranch workers feel safer in large groups. Perhaps Curley decides to fight Lennie because he wants to demonstrate his strength and feels that Lennie is the w eakest of the workers, therefore, the easiest to fight. Curley â€Å"stepped over to Lennie like a terrier”. Here Steinbeck, yet again, uses a simile to describe the invasion of Lennie’s personal space. â€Å" wherefore Curley’s rage exploded” and he uses a lot of expletives to provoke Lennie.\r\nThis can be compared to George’s language and how he curses at Lennie calling him a â€Å"big bastard”. Perhaps Curley’s reaction is so vicious because he is afraid of being humiliated in front of the workers. â€Å"Lennie looked helplessly at George” which shows that he is weak, but more so vulnerable. as yet again, he looks to George for direction. At first, Lennie doesn’t fight adventure because he knows that if he gets himself into trouble he win’t be allowed to tend the rabbits, although when Curley starts getting very violent George encourages Lennie to fight back. â€Å"Get him, Lennie. Don’t let him do it.”\r\nThe fact that Lennie has to be told by George to protect himself shows just how much leadership George has when it comes to Lennie. The line â€Å"I said get him” also emphasises George’s control. Lennie, however, redeems himself and crushes Curley’s hand. Lennie is so adamant to do what George has told him to do that he stills holds on to Curley’s fist til now though George is slapping him and telling him to stop.\r\nâ€Å"George slapped him in the face again and again, and still Lennie held on to the closed fist.” In conclusion, I think it is difficult to define the most powerful man on the ranch as Steinbeck presents so many different types of power; innate, physical, implicit, parental etcetera Throughout all three of the extracts the balance of power shifts frequently, but authority is always evident. Steinbeck shows it very cleverly and subtly, almost manipulating the reader to anticipate certain reactions from certain chara cters which is why I find these extracts so amiable to read.\r\n'

'Cebu Pacific Paper\r'

'Case consideration Cebu pacific manner owned by the Gokongwei family and open up in 1988, is the provider of near internal flights in the Filipinos. In 2000, Cebu peaceful post was adapted to go supranational and expanded operations to Asia- pacific countries. It owns 45% of the grocery sh ar, and is among the natural c every put uping 5 in growth in terms of riders carried and served. The pull of credit passage companionship is k straightn for its promo f bes, where single back all overlyth save roughly 40% to 50%, if flights are take fored early. For the longest while, Philippine skyways, Cebu peace-loving occupations competitor, dominated the local behavior hose constancy.\r\nThrough the re laxation behavior program, the latter was equal to come to the foodstuff and meet its component of guests and passengers. In response, PAL ad notwithstandinged its prices to contend with the early(a)s, and foc expenditured its strategies on cheaper last-mi nute bookings. Cebu peace-loving pipeline gives importance to node lever, and addresses it by providing hassle-free online reservations, on- succession flights, comfortable flitting invite, etc. Named as the â€Å" valet de chambres Number One songline” by an e-newsletter, the air lane has been growing and has continued to brighten its mark in the Philippine flight path industry.\r\nIts wildness on the importance of the customers has helped Cebu peace-loving Air to be successful in proving that it is indeed one of the pop off airlines in the country. Macro Environment Prior to the Philippine aviation industry liberalization in 1995 at a poorer place Executive Order 219, state-owned Philippine Airlines enjoyed virtual monopoly with the countrys take policy of ‘one country, one airline imposed during chair Marcos’ administration. The industry remained uncontested between 1973 and 1994 compelling the judicature to regulate fares to pr withalt PA L from engaging in monopoly pricing.\r\nIn the years fol minusculeing liberalization, the domestic airline industry has quartered as many as tail fin entrants precisely this has dwindled to three. Cur rently, the Philippine aviation trade is in the main served by Cebu peaceful Air (CEB), Philippine Airlines (PAL), Airphil picture (APX) and ZestAir. As of August 2011, CEB is the market leader and holds 45 % domestic market share, fol petty(a)ed by PAL with 22%,  APX with 19% and ZestAir with 12%. Seair overly takes a clear part of this market much(prenominal)(prenominal) as by serving flights to Batanes. The impact of liberalization on the domestic industry is varietyed.\r\nDeparture frequency increased in the most profitable markets, fleck sm in aller communities each lost service altogether or experient sizeable declines in departure frequency and capacity. Further much, almost markets served by a single airline halt relatively high fares. In the recent economic al crisis, many contradictory countries and the rest of the world were touched. The Philippines, however, was non greatly hit by this recession. Even though we fared better than the separates, it cannot be denied that we were tranquillize affected.\r\nMany transnational companies shut down their operations in the country, such as Intel and Goodyear. Also, many overseas Filipino workers from the united States, United Kingdom and the Middle East were s tailed to leave these countries with no promise of return. It excessively affected the Philippine Stock Exchange since it closely fol scurvyed other stock exchanges from around the world, particularly NYSE. All of these resulted in great fears among the citizens. Filipinos are like a shot much sparing and conservative in their spending habits.\r\nThe economy experienced dwindling demands of different crossways, which resulted to more(prenominal) production cuts, quit the goods layoffs, and more layoffs. Filipinos started l ooking for products and service that would provide more judge to their hard-earned money. As people are now starting to go back to the basics, leaving the undue lifestyle behind, companies now face the problem of losing their customers, sluice their loyal ones. Thus, many of them started raiseing products that would exemplify unbent value for money. to a greater extent so, discounts and promos go through and through boomed.\r\nCebu Pacific was no exception to this scheme. As many people considered air locomote as somewhatthing they could live without, the industry approach a looseger problem of attracting customers. The â€Å"Piso Fare” that they launched in 2005 was already a big help to company. More and more people are choosing Cebu Pacific over other airlines, such as Philippine Airlines. What is master(prenominal) now is for travelers to get to their destinations in the most inexpensive way possible, and the company was able to notch them a scummy- salute nonetheless high-quality service that perfectly catered to the necessarily of their clients.\r\nSWOT Analysis Strengths The key strengths of Cebu Pacific are on its unattackable market positioning, lean cost structure, ability to reap scale efficiencies, healthy send equity, and balance sheet strength. The heights of Cebu Pacific’s victory over its competitors cannot be attributed to the aggressive downhearted-pricing scheme that it blazed per se. The ability of CEB to identify the objects that are of value to their customers, and distort those perquisites at low cost is of tantamount importance in the airline’s success.\r\nCebu Pacific customers besides get their value through the airline’s very convenient online reservation and payment system. This, equip with the company’s partnership with banking firms as hearty as servicing companies such as LBC and Rustan’s, as well as its rigorous promotion in brotherly ne twainrking sites, allows the customers to access information regarding CEB’s prices and low promo fares and easy payment. Equally valuable is also the prudence’s employee training which reflects the company’s unwavering customer-centered, team-based orientation. Weaknesses\r\nTo allow for its promotional activities such as low-fares in domestic and multinational travels, Cebu Pacific must also cut some costs on some constituents of its operations. Either by cutting some operative costs or personnel costs, this would film an spry impact to the determine that the company is trying to project. With the admission of relatively smaller airline companies in the industry that can afford to compete CEB in low-pricing hold waters the airline company vulnerable to price wars, and this pressure increases the vulnerability of the airline to manage its image.\r\nLike all airline companies, and especially beca white plague of its big operations, Cebu Pacific heavily relies on forecasts o f volatile fuel prices to produce sound ancestry decisions and pricing. Lastly, industry commentators are disappointed that the strong strike off and marketing platform of Cebu Pacific lacked scale in terms of fleet size. Opportunities The 21% year-on-year international passenger growth on the year 2011 opens a all-encompassingr introduction for Cebu Pacific to increase its market share. Offering foreign travels exclusively on selected destinations allows Cebu Pacific a wider market and a more flexible marketing mix.\r\nThe company’s financial stability, sustained growth, and good cross off image allow the financing for more amplification in the products and services they offer which is tantamount to project down private-enterprise(a) pressures from its competitors, both via cost leaders and product differentiation. Cebu Pacific is strategically positioned for this as it has a strong domestic network that is able to equilibrize headwinds to the international network. Reaping the benefits of scale efficiencies may be established through this expansion.\r\n at last, with its biggest competitor facing internal bear on concerns as well as concerns on solvency and liquidity, the airline can choose to increase market share profitably at the expense of this competitorsâ€instead of just positioning to stimulate and grow the market. Threats That low-pricing schemes such as the PisoFares became a trademark for Cebu Pacific is threatening the airline’s brand of acquiring an inferior image a growst its more expensively priced competitor products. Its customer segment that caters for businessmen and other high-profile class are at the expense of its extensive marketing promotion on cheap fares.\r\nAlso, the company’s profit strand has been slowly declining as it engages in price opposition with relatively smaller airlines such as Air Philippines and Zest Air. While both competitors have been investiture for expansion, CEB must stand prepared while pursue for a higher market share and lead. Finally Cebu Pacific must strategically position it’s cost-cutting strategies such as outsourcing, as recent scratchs to outsource some noncore operations of other airlines that has been encouraging from a cost-saving perspective has ensued labor disputes and strikes which showed the insensitivity of such a move.\r\nProblem Through tedious research and overcareful analysis, we have proven that Cebu Pacific exhibits cost leadership as it was able to cut prices to deter the debut of new entrants and at the same time able to offer low prices to powerful buyers. (See Porter’s Generic) Competitors are ever so on the look as to how they can catch up and perhaps Cebu Pacific may be threatened by competitors write their low cost schema. With this, how can Cebu Pacific maintain to be the market leader when time comes that competitors have already adopted their low-cost strategy?\r\n marketing Mix Product Cebu P acific Air provides its customer both domestic and international flights to fifty two destinations. Company with its slogan its time everyone flies tries to wield what they have been promised to its customers by offering a wide array of products and high quality of services diversion from air fare to keep their customers loyal and to attract new ones. Cebu Pacific Air does not yet provide travel through air but it provides tours for both land and water by expression tie ups with travel agencies and hotels.\r\nThis tie ups provides its customer travel packages with hotel rooms at a discounted price, which make all the fun. Furthermore, the flight does not include a meal but they offer a fun blackleg where the company sells hearty meal, cold sandwiches, savory snacks, ardent snacks, cold drinks, and hot drinks which are changed monthly for variety. mark souvenirs such as stuff toys, watches, bags, etc. can also be purchased via online or indoors the plane. Moreover, other ser vices include seat-selector, sport equipment fee, TravelSure insurance, prepaid baggage, rent a car, and buy event tickets.\r\nCebu Pacific Air always keeps on improving its existing products while introducing new products to tailor fit its products to its customers for more atonement and to gain customer loyalty. Price As the barriers to creation were lifted, new players can now easily enter the market to serve the domestic routes. Many benefits were gained by these actions, particularly in the reduction of air fare. Cebu Pacific wontd its pricing systems to gain a competitive advantage in the industry. It continuously get tos to offer low prices, yet also continuously maintain the take aim of service it promises to deliver to its customers.\r\nOne of the main strategies of Cebu Pacific to attract customers was its low fares offered on a year-round basis, such as its â€Å"Piso Fare” and LiteFares. This made air travel more affordable to Filipino passengers. This move i s considered to be a lethal one for its competitors for it captured a big portion of the market. And although competitors soon followed suit, it was already too late and Cebu Pacific had already gotten a strong position in the market. To compensate for such big discounts, flights that are booked closer to the actual come across are plentifuly priced, but they are unbosom comparably lower than those of its competitors.\r\nFor Cebu Pacific, they value the things that matter most to their customers, such as training of their pilots and crews, aircraft maintenance, and on-time reliability, such that passengers bequeath not pay for trivial things, such as paper tickets and free meals. They focus more on the practical and essential matters to be able to offer their services at low prices yet still earn returns on them. Place Cebu Pacific Air has strategically placed most outlets where passengers can book their flights in business centers, near or inside malls, hotels, and airports.\r\ nThese locations are usually where travellers go to, making it easier and more convenient for them instead of going to a place which might be out of their itinerary just to avail of the company’s services. Aside from this, Cebu Pacific Air has been able to ensure access to customers through online booking. With the growth and development of technology, the airline company has been able to capitalize on the convenience and availability of the earnings to easily reach customers. Promotion Low promo fares are the best known strategy that Cebu Pacific uses to gain ompetitive advantage over competitors. Specifically, they offer 1 peso flights not just for destinations in the Philippines, but also in some areas in East Asia such as Singapore and Malaysia. This promotions strategy is the most general and most common thing that comes to mind when thought process Cebu Pacific Air. Aside from the traditional forms of promotions and above the line advertising, this airline also makes use of new kind media platforms through below the line advertising. Cebu Pacific Airlines is the source airline industry in the Philippines to make use of these new technologies.\r\nThese types of advertising make use of social networks and give more focus to certain ceding back markets. An example of this type advertising is Cebu Pacific Airlines’ use of Twitter for announcements, ticket promos, and games for chances to win free tickets. another(prenominal) form of this promotion strategy can be seen through a viral video affix in YouTube of Cebu Pacific’s flight attendants move to the beat of the song â€Å"Just Dance” by Lady Gaga. The special dance number was presented to the passengers afterwards the standard safety instructions had been performed and aimed to give passengers a more enjoyable flight experience.\r\nHaving assessed Cebu Pacific Air’s marketing mix; we can genuinely say that its success can be attributed to its low price strateg y and loyal customers. CEB has employed strategies to make transient accessible to everyone. They have lowered their prices and yet did not forego the quality of their services. CEB has been loyal to its value proposition of providing more for less. CEB knows very well that customers give try out low-priced products but ordain be turned off if it does not deliver the value/benefit it promises.\r\nAnd no amount of advertisement allow change their perception of a product after a bad experience, even if you have the lowest price in the market. And so, CEB has never been lax in maintaining the other component of their marketing mix besides price as competitive as possible to always satisfy customers. Recommendation aspiration from other low cost carrier airlines continues to modify the market and poses a threat to Cebu Pacific. To fly higher and up and above this hurdle, we now give you our counterstrategy:\r\nCebu Pacific Air: Juan time, Big time! Juan time, Big time is a profi cient blast strategy that banks on Cebu Pacific Air’s Cost leadership and Filipino oriented service to retain its market leadership in the domestic market and rule PAL in the international market. In this full blast move, Cebu Pacific ordain continue to supplement on its constant seat sales and low pricing while making sure that it delivers accredited value to its customers. Cebu Pacific always wants to provide exceptional, unrivaled service at notches higher than its competitors.\r\nTo acquire this, Cebu Pacific needs to fuel this four-fold ‘Juan time, Big time’ strategy to continue to fly high and long in delivering its promise in letting every Juan fly. sack 1: Juan with You With Juan with You, we modify the customer flying experience to encourage more future flights. We get out filipinize the customer flying experience and do this by always being hospitable in our service. Cebu Pacific allow not solitary(prenominal) offer air transport, it impart also offer a satisfying, fun, and hospitable flying experience.\r\nDoing so will increase the comprehend value of the Cebu Pacific Air flying experience. Juan with you will be implemented along with these tactics: 1. First, it will strengthen its customer service arm, and assign an actual agile CEB officer in operating its Facebook and twitter pages to more instantaneously answer and attend to customer questions and concerns. This will communicate how Cebu pacific values its every customer. 2. Second, it should make its flight attendants wear Filipiniana attire, especially in international flights. 3.\r\nThird, it should structure a hip, dance number around the performance of its in-flight safety guidelines. The last two will easily solve the problem of tedium that may set in after long hours for delay for the flight’s end. Fuel 2: The Juan clip Cebu pacific will lead in debunking the old Filipino time concept, where late is acceptable, even expected. We will put an empha sis on viscid to only one time, the Juan time, and provide incentives to making its passengers mystify early to allow early boarding. Also, Cebu pacific should train its ersonnel to always be fast and efficient in their execution of their tasks to further expedite checking in. Cebu Pacific should strive to increase its on time performance direct and again to improve the value offered to passengers, give customer points for every late flight arrival that customers may use when they also avail of Cebu Pacific’s loyalty card program. Fuel 3: Juan with the World Cebu Pacific has already achieved to become the leading low cost airline in providing domestic flights. Its competitors, however, offer more international destinations.\r\nWith this, we recommend that Cebu Pacific tease on more international destinations as their consumers would be happy to know a variety of international destinations to choose from. This way, consumers would choose them among its competitors. Fuel 4 : My only Juan Since Cebu Pacific has already managed to become the leading airline. It should now focus on keeping its customers loyal. This they can achieve through mileage programs to acquire points that customers can use in availing other flight add-ons. With this mileage rewards program, customers will be attracted to more to avail of the other services of Cebu Pacific.\r\nThus, this strategy will make Cebu Pacific the top choice and the only choice of every Juan. With this four-fold full blast strategy, Cebu Pacific Air will indeed be able to increase customer perceived value through the perks it offers at the same time retaining its low cost pricing. Thus, despite the threat of competitors adopting their low cost strategy, customers will still choose them over others for they are fully satisfied and truly delighted with CEB’s loyalty of providing more for less to its customers. addition Bibliography\r\n'

'Being Safe Online\r'

' ready reckoner Ethics Reflection Many volume whitethorn think going online is safe, precisely it can be very hazardous at clock. You need to hunch over how to protect yourself online, and avoid cyber rowdying. While you argon compose a paper for school, you need to know what academic honesty is. Cyber bulling is the use of the internet and/or link up technology to hurt other people, in a recurring, and aggressive method. Cyber bulling is very common these days. People do it to get a little laugh, but never think twice about what emotional refer it can have on the other person.Many people say, â€Å"Stick and stones may break my bones, but manner of speaking leave alone never hurt me. ”, and it may search like good advice but it isn’t. When people cyber b exclusivelyyrag someone, they think it is funny, and since lyric poem are respectable words nobody will get hurt, but they are very wrong. Cyber bulling is non harmless. People have committed suicide over it. Some people who cyber bully think that it is impossible to take it too far, because they are just messing around.But the truth is cyber bullies take it to far when just the thought of cyber bulling runs through their heads. If you get cyber bullied, the first matter you should do is ignore it; maybe they are having a bad day. If it even-tempered continues you need to block them, for all you know they will non stop. The next step, if it still carries on, is to tell an adult. There might be times when you think you parents don’t know anything, but they are her to protect you. If you do not trust to tell your parents, tell a teacher or you guidance counselor.Any adult can help you. sometimes, it may still go on. In this case, you need to go on it and print it up so you have proof. If you move into in cyber bullying, there will be consequences. Sometimes the person who you cyber bullied might commit suicide. If you get caught, you will be in massive trouble with t he police. charge yourself safe online is very vital. Just by large(p) someone your first name, that person can running game you down. Going online itself can always be dangerous.Do not give out your personal reading. Personal information consists of your name, phone number, e-mail address, your parents name, your home address, and et cetera. When someone sends you a request, and you have never met them face to face, DO not accept them. This does not mean that you go and get a line them somewhere! Always be respectful, and use remove language. Do not swear or accost people out of their names. Passwords are also something you should not share with ANYONE besides your parents.\r\n'

'Modernity in Kiray-a Poetry\r'

'MODERNITY IN KINARAY-A POETRY A Study of 15 panachern-day Kinaray-a Poems utilize the impression of contemporaneousness An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to Division of service opusistic discip patronage College of hgenus U pieceistic discipline and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas Miagao, Iloilo In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements For the Bachelor of humanistic discipline in books By Tricy E. Sumugat October 2008 APPROVAL SHEET The Undergraduate Thesis addicted entitled contemporaneity in Kinaray-a rhyme A Study of 15 modern Kinaray-a Poems using the pattern of modernness prep bed by Tricy E. SumugatIn partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Literature Is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval __________________________________________ prof. Milagros Legislador Prof. Celia Parcon ____________________ Prof. Jonathan P. Jurilla Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Ar ts in Literature ____________________ Prof. Jonathan P. Jurilla Chair Division of liberal arts college of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Table of ContentsTitle Page ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. I Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………………………………………. II Ac allow it offledgment ………………………………………………………………………………………. terzetto Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. IV Chapter I Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… avouchment of the Problem ……………………………………………………………….. 2 Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………………………… 2 signification of the Study ………à ¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦. 2 Chapter II reexami toss offed estate of re belatedd to Literatures …………………………………………………………. 4 Chapter III Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………………………… Chapter IV Methodology ………………………………………………………………. 9 Chapter V analysis and parole ………………………………………………….. 10 Chapter VI Conclusion and Reco mmendation ………………………………………… 23 Chapter VII work ats Cited ……………………………………………………………….. 25 Chapter VII Appendices …………………………………………………………………. 26 Acknowledgment My gratitude to the following: Prof. Jonathan Jurilla who helped me for my research topic and for the intriguing criticisms and comments on my work which boost my interest to be a better literary cropions school peasant; Prof. Rosela Zaragoza, Prof. Rosario Asong, Prof. whitethornbelle Guillergan, Prof Milagros Legislador, Prof. Celia Parcon and Prof. Oveta Vill atomic number 18al for braggy me lots of picturesque things in writings; Prof. Raymundo Piccio and Dr. Leoncio Deriada for cosmos so nice as a teacher and for sharing new knowledge; To the round of the antiquate barbarian Library and Paranubliun Antique for their supporter during my research; JAZZ INTERNET cafe for the spendthrift en travail of their computer; James Philip Javines for the compevery when I learn my research and for the types of assistances; Rodolfo and Francisca, my p bents as y chroma and inspiration to pursue brio; Ricky my yet fellow for the extra beat to help; immortal for giving me such knowledge. Abstract The modernness in Kinaray-a rime †A fill of 15 modern-day Kinaray-a poesys using the concept of Modernity is written to analyze the poetrys in Kinaray-a using the concept of Modernity. This study aims to pile up 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a rimes and examine the discourses of â€Å" modernness” or post contemporaneity as embedded in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a numberss.These poems argon taken from a book The fig out of Kinaray-a and literary issues. This study concludes that in that location be four study concerns of â€Å" modernness” put in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems. Suprisingly, the poems reveals that this generation has already identified themselves with modernity that the retiring(a) is no longer reach or green panaches in the past slow fades and homespun lands had been attracted to transfer in urban argonas for opportunities and abstain access on facilities. Chapter I Introduction Kinaray-a literature is cognize to have an exciting tradition.The siday, known to be antediluvian Kinaray-a poem perform during the pamalaye or betrothal and luy-a luy-a or spiritual ritual. fit in to Villarreal (1997), siday is a generic term to de n unrivaled to all folks of Panay and Negros. Modern poetry in Kinaray-a are closelyly in bighearted verse. A poem in Kinaray-a is called binalay talk. Binalaybay is famous during fete in various places in Antique curio usly in barangay 3 town of San Jose, roughlyly performed by older folks. Kinaray-a, is a address mostly utilize by Antiquenos.According to â€Å"The Rise of Kinaray-a, a book by Alex C. Delos Santos, Kinaray-a is whizz of the minor languages classified under Austr angiotensin-converting enzymesian/Malayo-Polynesian lineage. It is spoken in all of Antique, from Libertad to Anini-y, parts of Aklan and Capiz, most of Iloilo, and even in Negros Occidental where the great(p)gest number of sakadas, seasonal workers in the haciendas, is Kinaray-a from Antique. It is difficult to trace the origin of Kinaray-a simply old folks says it comes from the root word iraya which center high place where water comes from.In the absence of print, there had been two media with which Kinaray-a literature persisted, with radio and theater. These actually served the transition from purely oral to written literature harmonise to Delos Santos (2003). Other than radio and theater, the unbendabl e outcome of modern technology had a spectacular help among Antiquenos as well as Antiqueno authors. The publication of â€Å"Balita Antiqueno” in Buenavista Cable and the â€Å"Kinaray-a. com” an Antiqueno conjunction website had been a steering for Kinaray-a to fully show their talents as well as poetry.Issues on gender roles, and class races have been used in m both studies tho rare cases on Modernity. Modernity is used as a modeling for this study to prove new concepts in literature, for in Kinaray-a poems modernity is similarly prominent. Statement of the problem This study is sloshedt to analyze Modernity in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems by disparate Antiqueno authors. Objectives of the study This study aims to: 1. gather 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems and; 2. examine the discourses of â€Å"modernity” or postmodernity as embedded in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems Signifi slewce of the studyMost passel especially in western hemisphere Visa yas think that Kinaray-a poetry lacks value and that Kinaray-a is just an tyrannical part of literary knowledge base due to the circumstance that â€Å"Kinaray-a writers suffered a form of oppression by the hegemony of Hiligaynon” (Delos Santos 2003). in some manner, this leads to the pin of the interest of Kinaray-a writer to develop their hidden talents. Kinaray-a writers uses Tagalog, side or Hiligaynon quite of using Kinaray-a as a language for their written text to escape from school deal’s view that Kinaray-a as a language is â€Å"buki” or unusual. Modernity reatly influenced young writers right a carriage. â€Å"Students that are products of Universities” (The Rise of Kinaray-a 2003 p. 32). These pupils mostly come from state of matters, barrios/rural lands, that inside their written poems, modernity is highly present. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Dr. Alicia P. Magos wrote The Enduring Maaram: An Ethnography of a Kinaray-a vi llage in Antique (1992), known to be one of the outgrowthly comprehensive studies on an Antiqueno life. And this inspires to bloom the title Maaram: Studies on Antique an anthology of essays and papers on Antique, by Antiquenos, for Antiquenos.A maaram refers to a medicine man (shaman) as an intermediary between the sick and the spirit world. According to Maaram, very little about Antique could be seen in printed materials such as tourist brochures, fiesta souvenir programs, and sketchy legends of each of the 18 towns of the Province. This could be one of the basis that even poems in Kinaray-a is non widely known among other(a) people and that writers in Kinaray-a uses Tagalog, English or even Hiligaynon in piece their poems and a little of them uses Kinaray-a.In the Inaugural Lecture with the estimate â€Å"Textualizing Kinaray-a in the Republic of Letters” held in UPV (2008). Tomasito Talledo says, â€Å"its non necessary to translate Kinaray-a poems into English n all Tagalog or Hiligaynon, and anyone who takes to study the poems but does not know the Kinaray-a language, get out do well by learning it. ” This line of Talledo stresses that Kinaray-a writers tend to escape to their innate language. Modernity is one of the causal agents because indigens or parents from rural lands air their youngsterren in urban schools to have fast access in facilities due to modernity.Kinaray-a literature fro Antiquenos is way through which they could reflect the core group and presence of modernity, that in one way or another(prenominal) being â€Å"modern” is not a choice but a need. Further much(prenominal) most written works of Kinaray-a young writers modernity is reflected for one reason is they have been products of Universities. Talented singles that have been influenced by the norms and culture at heart the urban areas. Moreover, Ma. Milagros G. Lachica is the first Kinaray-a to make headway recognition given by the CCP Literat ure Grants for Poetry in 1989.Her work â€Å"Antike: Lupa kag baybay sa pinggan” (Antique: Land and sea on a plate) spoke of the poetry and kindly ills of the Province. This doesn’t mean she was the first one to write in Kinaray-a. Russell Tordesillas whitethorn have been the first one. He wrote his manuscripts which he read on air in DYKA (radio seat in Antique). Next to win the CCP grant is Alex C. Delos Santos and followed by other Kinaray-a writers. This begins when Lachica and Delos Santos attended the workshop of Hilgaynon writers in UPV because there were no groups of Kinaray-a writers.In Antique, wholly Sumakwelan could be considered but its members frame of Hiligaynon writers. Dr. Leoncio Deriada as the panelist (Professor in UPV and a writer) told Lachica and Delos Santos to try the writing grant and use Kinaray-a in their entry. at that place were no other individuals who could write better the recital of Antique but only the Kinaray-a people and Kina ray-a literature should value most by Antiquenos. A writer has the responsibility in the language he/she uses. Additionally, Kinaray-a writers didn’t have the means to publish but they did a lot of writing too only in Hiligaynon because it was the only way to get published.There is a forged break for individuals to take chance in exercise and appreciate Kinaray-a literature especially those in the academe, if only Kinaray-a writers will use Kinaray-a in their written works. The big problem which Kinaray-a people does not observe, there is little use of Kinaray-a in writing. Among various languages, Antiquenos must cause to use Kinaray-a than use other languages such as Tagalog, English and Hiligaynon, because it is the language they are used to and its chop-chop for them to catch ideas on paper.As for modern poetry, or free verse, Sumakwelan writers suggested the term hilwalaybay for â€Å"hilway nga binalaybay”; hilway means free, according to The Rise of Kinaray -a (2003). only when the Kinaray-a writers did not catch on, and preferred to use binalaybay, whether rhymed or free verse. Most of the poems of Kinaray-a writers are in free verse. Sometimes, the Hiligaynon coinage dilambong, for â€Å"dila nga maambong” (beautiful tongue), is withal being used. Poet crapper Iremil E. Teodoro suggest the use of them dilambong to mean poetry.It points not to the poem itself, but to the art of writing a poem, according to The Rise of Kinaray-a (2003). Chapter III Theoretical Framework Modernity is a shorthand term for modern conjunction or industrial civilization. Portrayed in more detail, it is associated with (1) a certain set of attitudes towards the world, the idea of the world as open to transformation by human intervention (2) a complex economic institutions, especially industrial production and a market thrift (3) a certain range of political institutions, including the nation state and mass democracy.Largely as a import of these characteristics, modernity is vastly more dynamic than any previous type of social order. It is a ball club more technically, a complex of institutions-which unlike any preceding culture lives in the futurity earlier than the past (Gidden 1998, p. 94). In Jurillas analysis, â€Å"Modernity is a goodly cultural construction that usually advances the originator †the West. westerly modernity has always been maintained as the quantity civilization. A someone that is not modern is â€Å"manol” or uncivilized.A person that does not submit to modernitys cultural apparatuses is either a beast or a god. ” Furthermore, Raul Pertierra presents one-third features of modernity: â€Å"the nation-state as the main site of sovereignty, the ungodly gains in science and technology and the rise and blow of culture as a socially conventional activity. Personal identity or individuality is to a fault one distinguished discourse of modernity. For in modernity, norms are su bdued to give way to the sovereign individual who is the source of knowledge and reason.Modernity is simply the sense or the idea that the present is discontinuous with the past that through a process of social and cultural stir life in the present is essentially different from the past. The â€Å"crisis of modernity” is the sense that modernity is a problem, that traditionalistic ways of life have been replaced with uncontrollable sort and unmanageable alternatives. The crisis itself is merely the sense that the present is a transitional point not focused on a clear goal in the afterlife but simply changing through forces removed our control, but this study limit itself to modernity in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems.Chapter IV Methodology To kill this study, the researcher gathered related literatures from books of Antique Provincial Library, and researches from the Internet. Scope and Limitation This study focus only on the 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems of differe nt authors taken from the following books and literary issues: Binirayan ’08: Manggad nga Antiqeno, Paranublion kang Filipino Binirayan 2007: close and Arts The Rise of Kinaray-a: History and Anthology of Contemporary Literature in Antique, These poems are: 1. Laragway (Florentina Egida) 2. Halin kay Nanay (Ma. Felicia Flores) 3.Paglatas kang handum ( Ma. Felicia Flores) 4. Iliili kang Manugpatad (Ma. Milagros Geremia-Lachica) 5. Hinugot sa post board (Jose Edison C. Tondares) 6. Strit Ekis (Jose Edison C. Tondares) 7. Sugidanun (Lucena C. Tondares) 8. Sulat (Ma. Milagros Geremia- Lachica) 9. Ang Tumuluon (Genevieve C. Arnaez) 10. Patadyong (Linda Casalan Arnaez) 11. Tag-ururan (Francisco Javier III) 12. Dyoker ay (Ma. Milagros Geremia- Lachica) 13. Sa Kinaray-a (Reymar B. Gallego) 14. Ra Tana! (Stephen Checa) 15. Ang Ginawali sa Atlantic city (Ma. Milagros Geremia-Lachica) Chapter V Analysis and Discussion I.Modernity & the Environment Sometimes, it’s not the land that waits. In many cases, Antiquenos leave because there is no land to speak of, (Delos Santos 2003 p. 49). In cities there are lots of opportunities to grab enchantment in native lands, there is no assurance. Modernity shapes the urban areas through the presence of modern technologies, facilities, etc. In Egida’s poem Laragway”, iconlity’s beauty can no longer be seen. In the first stanza, Pintahan mo ako kang bukid Mga kahoy gapaindis-indis. Pintahan mo ako kang banglid Nga ang kilid bukut it pud-is. Kay daw sa damgo ko lang dya nakita.Most of beautiful views we could see nowadays are almost man made which have a big variation from nature’s beauty of the past which is natural. Nowadays, countrified lands are being transformed into industrial lands in which big infrastructures are built. In the first stanza to the pull through stanza, the persona can only see nature’s beauty only in his dreams. some other poem is â€Å"Tag-ururan†, the rain and fuss’s bear down is compared to sacrifices and sufferings. In the lines, Nagbilin kang danaw ang uran Sa salug makita ang langit Ang luha ni nanay sangka dagat Naga hiribiun para sa atupThe engender precious to escape from poverty, in the lines, San-o ayhan mamara kang adlaw Ang luha kag uran The arrest wanted a more concrete house specifically a better roof to comfort her family when heavy rain comes. II. Modernity & Education Modernity in teaching is also present in Kinaray-a poems. Many have been lured by the city, especially the natives. For in urban areas, their children could betroth in the fast access of facilities and lots of opportunities. Modernity and education gives assurance to natives to have a absolute future. In â€Å"Halin kay Nanay”, Inday felt bad for a decelerate allowance.Most parents at present times sends their children in urban schools, to have a better and secure future, because they swear that it is the only way to lift them up from poverty. Halin kay Nanay is also a form of protest in the lines, Inday, Nagsungon gid ikaw Wara kami dayon kapadara Buhay mabaton ang sulat convert nagbaha ang suba Nautod ang tulay the breakdown of the bridge is one of the causes why Inday’s allowance was delayed. If banks are present in Inday’s place, the mother does not need to wait for the reconstructive memory of the bridge, instead she will deposit in Inday’s account and Inday can get her allowance anytime.The mother sees that technology can in some way help her for a faster way of sending Inday’s allowance. â€Å"Paglatas kang Handum” is another poem which also shows that sending a child in urban schools would mean greener pasture. In the lines, Indi namun ikaw ni Tatay mo pagpunggan Ano man abi ang imo mangin paraabuton rugya sa uma Wara man kami ti inogpanubli kanimo maski sampingas the mother believes that living in a impertinent place is useless or having no fut ure if compared to cities. another(prenominal) poem â€Å"Sulat”, a garner comes from the province had received by a pupil poring over in the city. At the bottom of he letter the words were not clear and it seems there were islands formed in the lines, Naglubad ang iban nga mga tinaga jackdaw mga isla kon turukun The student searched where Antique is Ginpangita kon diin nayon ang Antique Nay, indi ko mental testing mabasa ang sulat mo Raku pa nga isla ang nagturuhaw Napuno give ang pahina The student could no longer read the letter of her mother. In the demise eight lines of the poem, the daughter pleaded to her mother not to write her once again because she doesn’t want to see the islands again. In the lines, Nay, indi stretch out ako pagsulati Indi slant natun pagpaayawan ang karteroKinii ang paggamit kang tinta Agud indi mamantsahan ang lamesa mo sa kusina Kag ang mga isla Indi ko gusto nga makita ruman. Nagapalangga, Ang imo anak. These lines also convey to its readers that the student wanted to forget the place where she came from because it’s a province. III. indigenouss advance Modernity Natives are in favor to modernity. The poem â€Å"Ang Tumuluon”, the student has questions that longed for answers and compared it to the particle that somehow aimless within the personas thought, Sa paramangkutanun nga daw mga bagtuk nga nagalabugay Sa akun paminsa contribute. In the lines, Namit gid man ang merchandiseBisan sabor kang sara-sara, Malipatan mo. The student appreciates the taste of an imported drinks offered to hi, but still the answers didn’t show up and the student felt more nervous in the lines, Garing hay, Wara gid naglugdang Ang mga lagtuk Sa akun pensar, Nagtubo pa ang nerbyos ko. In these lines, the student is bothered by the notion of imported goods. This poem has an imagery of how people were blinded by imported goods/products that it has a bad contribution to our own Philippine product, that in one way or another, instead of buying local products, people are impatient(predicate) to buy imported ones.This poem somehow reflects how individuals/natives conduct is changed by modernity that life in the present greatly differs from the past. â€Å"Patadyong” is another poem, patadyong is a native product woven into different designs. Unlike before, patadyong has limited uses, but because of modernity, it is now used for different fashion shows. From a simple material to elegant gowns. kon kaisa, wara naga ararangay ang imo mga duag pero katingalahan, nagapabilin kaw nga maanyag kabay nga duro pa gid ang magasuksuk kanimo Kinaray-a. Com- patadyong kang Antikenyo.Moreover, because of modernity patadyong does not only referred to as a cloth but also as a community website which is the kinaray-a. com that makes Antiqueno unite and shapes the Antiqueno identity. The poem â€Å"Hinugot sa postcard”, Labtugs mother appreciates the characteristics of Labtug’s wife who came from the city, Kang nag-abot ikaw Halin sa syudad Rugya sa amun sa Igcococ, Raku ang nagkuon nga swerte gid Ang bata ko nga si Labtug. According to Jurilla, a person who is not modern is termed as â€Å"manol” in the lines, Kon maglatay kaw gani Sa mga kahon sa tunga kang parayan,Daw hinugot ikaw Sa nagainaw-inaw nga post card. The mother is very advised of the cleaning adult female’s behaviors who came from the city even on the ways the woman walked to the arena. The poem itself reflects a mother’s view to a civilized woman. She has not considered the behavior of Labtug’s wife as an adjustment to the tradition in a barrio but instead, Labtug’s mother is very appreciative of a woman’s behavior coming from the city, that somehow Labtug’s wife is different among other native women. Native’s view that marrying a man/woman from the city is a lucky catch.Also in the poem â€Å"Sugidanun”, the â€Å"karne† (meat) represents change which made the persona in the poem doubt if change would be grasped or not. whitethornuhut nga karne Akon ginligon-ligon unless due to â€Å"modernity”, traditional ways of life have been replaced with uncontrollable change and unmanageable alternatives. The persona realized of accepting change specifically modernity, Daw parehas lang Ka binuy-an mo Nga sugidanum: Mapait Pero akun gintulun. Another poem â€Å"Ra Tana”, the first stanza shows the difference of a car into a equipage and uses as a status symbol within the society.Ang awto kag ang karusa Rayu gid kun ikumparar ta Ang tanda kag suruklan dya Pangabuhi sa syudad kag uma Moreover, from the second stanza to the last stanza, when natives goes into the city, he/she is ashamed of using the native language and uses other language. They adapt themselves to how people in the city socialize. The reason is civilized people view native language as unusual or â€Å"buki”. The poem itse lf addresses its readers that native people have been influenced by modernity, that instead of being proud of their own native language, they rather drive to speak other languages or dialects.In â€Å"Sa Kinaray-a”, also shows how modernity changes the early ways of having friends. Nowadays, Internet can be access any time and a person can have friends at anytime. This poem somehow tells that Kinaray-a people have been united by the Internet. IV. Modernity in Lifestyle The leisure time of natives nowadays are mostly influenced by Western Culture which is a great representation of modernity. Gambling is influenced by Western countries such as Spain. In â€Å"Dyoker ay”, a mother believes on her luck in â€Å"madjong” and ignores her child who is pleading for a food at supper, Nay, indi run magpautangSi manding Sibya ano bay idapli namun! The mother proceed playing while having â€Å"tsismis” (gossips) with other gamblers, Ano bay kuon ni Posang Hay may d ara si Idok na Nga Sibwana kuno? and even somebody asked her to go home because her husband was drunk, still the mother continued playing, Mre buslan ‘ta kaw Uli ‘to anay Nalingin kuno si Polding mo In the last line of the poem â€Å"Dyoker ay”, the mother won in â€Å"madjong” and retains her luck. This poem represents the modern ways of leisure time and somehow source of income of natives that instead of thinking for a better work, they still prefer gambling.The next poem is another form or representation of gambling. draftsmanship is a form of gambling and millions of people are active into it. People wasted much notes in trying their luck at drafting and win millions of pesos if they are lucky enough. In â€Å"Iliili kang Manugpatad”, a father keeps trying his luck even if he was out of luck, Dimalas gid ang sabat Mapatad ta liwat but still apprehend of winning and says he will try again his luck.. Another poem is â€Å"Strit Ekis” th e people were also engaged into gambling such as lottery. In the lines Ay tabang! Tabang! whitethorn nagbungguanay the people were crowded because there was an accident.But instead of serving they are bothered of a certain calamity and objects that signifies or represents numbers, Ano gani ang numero Kang dugo? Kang traysikel tana? Ay! ay nagabusong! Ay abaw! Ano? May nagabusong pa! Sige! Abaya sa numero! Srit ekis! Pulo ang patad. Ay tabang! Tabang! Ay abaw it was a late realization for the people to help those in the accident. Another poem is â€Å"Ang Ginawali sa Atlantic City”, its surprising to know that even in perform, modernity is present. In the lines, Pinasahi ang bagting ka mga simbahan relihiyon ka swerte ang ginawali kang mga kaparian kang kapalaran a Caesars, Trump Marina, Sands, Taj Mahal ukon Borgata The ringing of the bell in Atlantic City’s church is different among others. In these lines, prayers are not just viewed as a way to praise God but also to have a prosperous life. It is not the teachings of God that enables people to attend mass instead it’s the physical appearance of the church beauty that pushes people to offer prayers and big offerings, daragkul nga mga katedral nagairigpat, nagapanghagad sa mga tumuluo sa paghalad pagnobena kag pagsimba sa altar ka mga time slot machines kag baraha; The church is also open 24 hours a day,Sa dyang mga simmbahan ang mga misa warat katapusan adlaw-adlaw sanda bukas sa byente kwatro oras Somehow churches in Atlantic City represents modernity wherein people forgotten the early ways of praising God. In the last lines, Parehas kang pagkanabaw kang dyang relihiyon nga napasad, bukut sa bato kundi sa pagsipal sa swerte nga ginadamgo. religion is slowly vanishing and later on would be viewed only as a way of having prosperity. Chapter VI Conclusion and Recommendation Contemporary Kinaray-a poetry are mostly works of young writers that have been products of Universities. To borrow Deriada’s words. The neglect of the countryside in favor of the big city. ” This is somehow the reason why in present works of Kinaray-a writers, â€Å"modernity” is present or reflected. There are four major concerns of â€Å"modernity” present in 15 Contemporary Kinaray-a poems. These are: 1. Environment. Modernity in the environment is one way through which individuals tend to leave the native land. Natives are somehow longing for the past but it was already changed or gone away because of modernity 2. Education. Natives send their children in urban schools for the fast access on facilities and this gives them hope. 3.Natives being in favored to modernity. They have this flightiness that being in favored to modernity would mean lots of opportunities and 4. Gambling as social vice. Modernity in gambling could highly show that in leisure time and lifestyle of natives nowadays, â€Å"modernity” is present The concept of modernity makes us understan d that the present is discontinuous with the past, than through a process of social and cultural change, life in the present is fundamentally different form the past. These poems make us believe that modernity highly affects us individuals that we have fitting through the process of change due to â€Å"modernity”.This generation has already identified themselves with modernity in this case, the past is no longer present or common ways in the past slowly fades and rural lands had been attracted to transfer in urban areas for opportunities and fast access on facilities. Literature is a marginalized field but its change due to â€Å"modernity” is not felt by all. Further research is also recommended for the better understanding of â€Å"modernity’s” effect in Contemporary Kinaray-a poems. Works Cited Books Binirayan ’08: Manggad nga Antiqeno, Paranublion kang Filipino. Special literary Issue Binirayan 2007: Culture and Arts Issue.Published by Biniray an Foundation, Inc. 2/F Antique Development Center MAARAM: Studies on Antique, University of San Agustin, edited by Alex C. Delos Santos. Copyright©2003 by Paranublion-Antique,Inc. Delos Santos, Alex. The Rise of Kinaray-a: History and Anthology of Contemporary Literature in Antique, 2003. Selden, Raman, dickhead Widdowson, and Peter Brooker. A Reader’s bear to Contemporary Literary Theory. 4th ed. Great Britain: learner Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1997 Bhaba, Homi K. ”’Race’and the Revision of Modernity. ”Postcolonoial Criticisms. Eds. Pertierra, Raul. The Work of Culture. Manila:De la Salle University Press,Inc. 002 Electronic Sources http://www. kinaray-a. com/content/ course of study/5/16/75/50/0/ http://www. kinaray-a. com/content/section/5/36/ http://www. google. com. ph/search? hl=tl&q=kinaray-a+poetry&meta= http://members. tripod. com/~adsantos/index_3. hypertext markup language http://nening. com/panay. html http://www. kinaray -a. com/component/option,com_fireboard/Itemid,155/func,view/catid,17/id,9495/ http://members. tripod. com/~adsantos/tabig. html http://www. fanstory. com/index1. jsp? pt=1&gclid=CPHXpdeX_pUCFQLObwod0QMtEw Appendix Laragway (Florentina Egida) Pintahan mo ako kang bukid Mga kahoy gapaindis-indis. Pintahan mo ako kang banglidNga ang kilid bukut it pud-is. Kay daw sa damgo ko lang dya nakita. Pintahan mo ako kang sapa Nga may kristal nga tubig. Pintahan mo ako kang suba; Tubig nga matin-aw ‘gailig. Kay man sa damgo ko lang dya makita. Himuan mo kang kapatagan; Mga tanum sa hangin gasaot. Ibutang mo ang kadagatan; Mag isda gapisik sa lawod. Kay daw sa damgo ko run lang dya makita. Halin kay Nanay (Ma. Felicia Flores) Inday, Nagsungon gid ikaw Wara kami dayon kapadara Buhay mabaton ang sulat Hay nagbaha ang suba Nautod ang tulay Kulang ang padara Ang tanum napyerde kang insekto Kag kulang ang abono. Ang baynte kabanes Nga atun naaniBuhinan pa pulo ka sako Bayad sa alili. Pero p abay-i lang ‘ra Hugud lang sa pagtuon mo. Paglatas kang handum ( Ma. Felicia Flores) Indi namun ikaw ni Tatay mo pagpunggan Ano man abi ang imo mangin paraabuton rugya sa uma Wara man kami ti inogpanubli kanimo maski sampingas Naman-an mo man nga ang atun gid lamang ginapanag-iyahan Ang dyang hayub-hayub Mayad lang gani ginapaistar kita rugya nanday Mistra Pila kag Pitan Bonoy sa andang bantud nga libre Sa imong pagpanaw ang fly namun nga pabalon Sangka himpit nga parangadium nga kabay sa syudad Indi ikaw magtalang. Iliili kang Manugpatad (Ma. Milagros Geremia-Lachica)Iliili hipus anay Wara rugya imong tatay Rugto sa banwa Nagpatad sa lateri Iliili basi may swirti Iliili turog anay Nag-abot run imong tatay Ti kamusta ano ang igu? Dimalas gid ang sabat Mapatad ta liwat Iliili damgo anay Ihani dayon sa imong tatay Linugaw nga sangka yahong? Orim buk ang pamangkutan kon may numiro nga kombinasyon Iliili hipus run lang Sigi ubusa imong suam Bisan samuan pa Ka marahalun nga gatas Ang linugaw nga imong ginpahamgo Bantayi lang kon magtupa Swirti natun sa numiro. Hinugot sa post card (Jose Edison C. Tondares) Kang nag-abot ikaw Halin sa syudad Rugya sa amun sa Igcococ, Raku ang nagkuon nga swerte gidAng bata ko nga si Labtug. Kon maglatay kaw gani Sa mga kahon sa tunga kang parayan, Daw hinugot ikaw Sa nagainaw-inaw nga post card. Debwenas gid ang bata ko Sagad man ikaw magraha Bisan pa abi makita ta ikaw Nga nagahibi bisan nagakihad kang sibuyas. Mauti ikaw kag raku ang imo malabhan. Kamaan man ikaw magsagod Kang inyong kasapatan. Nagatuontuon run gani ikaw Ka pananum kag pangarab. Kon mag-abot si Labtug Nga lingin halin sa pihak-baryo Ginasibinan mo kag paislan. Kang ang inyong subang Nagabahul nga mayad ang batasan. Bilang imo ugangan, Wara run ako ti masugyot pa kanimo. Tuduhi lang abi kaun Hay daw nagahagwus ikaw.Strit Ekis (Jose Edison C. Tondares) Ay tabang! Tabang! May nagbungguanay Dali! Ha? Ano gani ang numero Kang dugo? Kang traysikel tana? Ay! ay na gbusong! Ay abaw! Ano? May nagabusong pa! Sige! Abaya sa numero! Srit ekis! Pulo ang patad. Ay tabang! Tabang! Ay abaw Sugidanun (Lucena C. Tondares) Mayuhut nga karne Akon ginligon-ligon Daw parehas lang Ka binuy-an mo Nga sugidanum: Mapait Pero akun gintulun. Sulat (Ma. Milagros Geremia- Lachica) Nay, Nabuy-an ko ang imo sulat pagdawu kang kartero Tuman gali ka bug-at bisan sampanid lamang ang malauring nga tinta tama ka siri Seguro nagtagos sa lamesa mo sa kusinaPero sa ubus kang papel Naglubad ang iban nga mga tinaga Daw mga isla kon turukun Ginpangita kon diin nayon ang Antique Nay, indi ko run mabasa ang sulat mo Raku pa nga isla ang nagturuhaw Mapuno run ang pahina Kon ano man ang sugid mo parte kay Tatay Kag akun mga libayon Kaluy-an sanda kang Dios Nay, indi run ako pagsulati Indi run natun pagpaayawan ang kartero Kinii ang paggamit kang tinta Agud indi mamantsahan ang lamesa mo sa kusina Kag ang mga isla Indi ko gusto nga makita ruman. Nagapalangga, Ang imo anak. Ang Tumul uon (Genevieve C. Arnaez) Balde gid an bitbit ko Surudlan kang sinaw nga sabat Sa paramangkutanun ga daw mga bagtuk nga nagalabugay Sa akun paminsarun. Pag-abot ko sa inyo Sangka tasun kang labaab Nga masters choice Ang gindawu mo. Namit gid man ang imported Bisan sabor kang sara-sara, Malipatan mo. Garing hay, Wara gid naglugdang Ang mga lagtuk Sa akun pensar, Nagtubo pa ang nerbyos ko. Patadyong (Linda Casalan Arnaez) duyan ni nini kg nonoy, ubit ni lola Puroy ni ontoy kag palda ni akay, kurtina kang mga daraga dekorasyon sa simbahan, hapin sa lamesa kang banwa layg kang baruto, kon mankayun sa iban nga isda ginhuman ikaw sa nasari-sari nga hilo kang pagkatawo may pula, may asul may bierde, may kaki may itum kag may puti ya tanan nagapabutyag kang imong kapinasahi kon kaisa, wara naga ararangay ang imo mga duag pero katingalahan, nagapabilin kaw nga maanyag kabay nga duro pa gid ang magasuksuk sa kanimo Kinaray-a. Com- patadyong kang Antikenyo. Tag-ururan (Francisco Javier III) Na gbilin kang danaw ang uran Sa salug makita ang langit Ang luha ni nanay sangka dagat Naga hiribiun para sa atup San-o ayhan mamara kang adlaw Ang luha kag uran Dyoker ay (Ma. Milagros Geremia- Lachica) Nay, indi run magpautang Si manding Sibya ano bay idapli namun! Tsariti! Ay linti nga bata Duro pa to asin sa kuron Panaw, sabad Pong! Labay man akun Ano bay kuon ni PasangHay may dara si Idok na Nga Sibwana kuno? Todas! Atun-atun lang dta Piro bati ko Tri mants insayd kuno? Sikrit! Mre buslan ‘ta kaw Uli ‘to anay Nalingin kuno si Polding mo Todas! Yawa nga bana akun ra Sagasa! Dyoker ay! Sa Kinaray-a (Reymar B. Gallego) Kita tanan nagkilalahay rudya sa kinaray-a Sa isara ka matahom nga pag-updanay nag-umpisa Sa una kung ikaw wara ti kilala out-of-door ang status kag magabatyag kang kaluya. Una nga pamankot, taga diin ikaw amigo kag amiga? Kay ako gusto sa imo magpakilala. Ang huya ginabuhinan kung kaisa Kay ang luyag magkasadya imaw sa mga kasimanwa. Kun ikaw bata pa sa iba nga nakilalaManong kag manang ang respeto nga pagtawag kananda Kag kung ang istorya medyo madalom na nilag mode anay ikaw hija. May nanay kag tatay kita rudya, pero hindi mag-asawa Pero ginkabig kita tanan nga myembro ka pamilya May lolo nga ginabayaan ni lola Pero asta tulad ana ginahigugma. May mga tita pa kita rudya sa kinaray-a Nga wara pag untat sa paghigugma sa mga kasimanwa Bisan gamay lang nga oras magalingling pa Makita lang nga mayad ang mga pinalangga da. Ang harakhak kang isara kag isara wara pag-untat Kun linabutaw ron ang topiko Makapahagan-hagan ka sakit sa ulo kag problema Ang mga manami nga pag-inistoryaPero kon seryoso ron ang paga-adtonan Hindi gid madura nga paghigugma ang paga-istoryahan Mga laygay ni manong kag ni manang Patiha ninyo kay para ria sa inyo kaaraydan. Kon kamo man magabatyag kang kaluya log in lang kamo sa kinaray-a Istoryaha si amigo kag amiga kag rudya duro gwapo kag gwapa. Mga kinaray-a ja nagtiriripon may halin sa Dubai kag may sa London A ng iban dyan lang sa San Jose ukon Patnongon Ang importante kita tanan maghiriugyon. Ra Tana! (Stephen Checa) Ang awto kag ang karusa Rayu gid kun ikumpara ta Ang tanda kag suruklan dya Pangabuhi sa syudad kag uma Sa pagpanglugayawan kang tawo Halin sa uma sa syudad paadtoPagginawi kag hambal ginabaylo Tungod nga ginakahuya didto Kinaray-a, ano bala ri-a? Tawag sa paghambal sa uma Nga kun mabatian gani kang iba Nagakuon… Baw! Kabuki gid ah! San Jaoquin, Miag-ao, Guimbal, Tigbauan Sipak sa Igbaras, Leon kag Tubungan Deretso sa san Miguel kag Alimodian Ilabi sa Antique kun imo adtunan Karay-a imukrat ang imo mga mata Panghambal mo indi pag-ikahuya Magpakamalig-on, ipakita kananda Ang pat-ud nga mga ebidensya; Tama gid karayu ang â€Å"ayam” sa â€Å"ido” Pero kun may alog kanimo magpatudlo â€Å"Mangangaso”, ano ang tawag sa inyo? Indi pwede â€Å"mangingido”, kag pat-ud â€Å"mangangayam” isabat mo Amon â€Å"busong”, tawag ninyo  "tiyan”Sa bayi, kang bata pagasudlan â€Å"Nagabusong” ang tinaga dyan Indi man pwede tawgun â€Å"nagatiyan Lakat ka â€Å"tiil” panaw kaw â€Å"kahig” sa pagtugpo kang manok ikaw magbulig Indi kaw gid pwede â€Å"magpatiil” Hay sa bulangan ang tawag â€Å"pakahig” Sa imo pag-uli ikaw gutom run Ang â€Å"pagluto” ukon â€Å"pagraha” himuon Kag sa diin ikaw magaprito kang isda Sa â€Å"kaluto” ukon sa â€Å"karaha”? Gani Sta. Barbara, Maasin, Mina Kag sa Antique nga probinsiya Aton hambal ginasunod-sunod nanda Magtindog kag ipabugal ta…. Kita mga…… KARAY-A!!!!!! Ang Ginawali sa Atlantic City (Ma. Milagros Geremia-Lachica) New Jersey, USA Pinasahi ang bagting ka mga simbahan elihiyon ka swerte ang ginawali kang mga kaparian kang kapalaran sa Caesars, Trump Marina, Sands, Taj Mahal uko Borgata daragkul nga mga katedral nagairigpat, nagapanghagad sa mga tumuluo sa paghalad pagnobena kag pafsimba sa altar ka mga slot machines kag baraha; Sa dyang mga simmbahan ang mga misa warat katapusan adlaw-adlaw sanda bukas sa byente kwatro oras kag handa gid sa pagbaton mga pangamuyo kag pag-ampo halin sa mga bulsa nga daw indi matungkad ang kadalum ugaring sa urihi, amat-amat man nga naganabaw Parehas kang pagkanabaw kang dyang relihiyon nga napasad, bukut sa bato kundi sa pagsipal sa swerte nga ginadamgo.\r\n'