Michael Bloomberg

Michael Bloomberg, who at present enacts contrary roles such as enterpriser, politician, and philanthropist, occupies an important side in the present Ameri finish society. As the mayor of spic-and-span York he has found his reputation as a sagacious politician.(Boyd 2006) As the give out of Bloomberg companies, he has exhibited his talent of building a immense personal credit line enterprisingness though innovation and patience. As philanthropist, Bloomberg has donated huge amounts of m whizzy to the deserving race and institutions.These opposite qualities have enhanced, to a great extent, the prestige of Bloomberg as wholeness of the great figures in the modern United States of America. In spite of the item that Democrats dominate New York political photograph, the Republican candidate Bloomberg was suitable to maintain reelection as the citys mayor. This exhibits and proves the popularity of the man. Based on this popularity, iodine can expect that Bloombergs dom ination in the New York political scene would continue for a few more years.After emerging as wizard of the important in the flesh(predicate)ities of the USA, Bloomberg has showed his entertain in charitable and philanthropic pursuits. Bloomberg showed kindle in donating lines to the deserving educational institutions, and he donated millions of dollars to educational institutions in pronounce to improve the m wizardtary condition of the educational institutions. Bloombergs father shake up Bloomberg to keep aside a particular potion of his income for charity purposes. Bloomberg states that my family taught me private sympathy when I was truly young. Every year, my father received a matter listing contributors to his favorite charity. (Bloomberg 2001, p. 240) Bloomberg belonged to the American Judaic family, and he supported the Jewish establishments through charity.In the year 2003, Bloomberg gave away $136 million to nearly 650 assemblages. In the year 2004, Bloomberg contributed $139 million to nearly 840 groups. These elaborate show that over the years, Bloomberg has not decreased his philanthropic interest. It is also important to note that he has distributed donation fund to different institutions. The donation recipient groups belonged to various categories such as arts, museums, parks, cultural minorities, children, medical research, schools, abortion rights, and gays. This detail shows that Bloomberg has been trying to help different sections of the population.Many of these groups had to lay out pecuniary crisis due to the political policy of the New York administration headed by Bloomberg. In order to solve the problems of these different groups, Bloomberg has donated huge amount of money, from his personal financial reserves, to the deserving institutions. (Noon 2004) Although one can argue that these donations helped Bloomberg to hold keister reelection, one cannot question the sincerity of the man while assisting the people and institutions to overcome their financial problems.The charitable interest of the man indicate that he has been following the examples of early(a) business magnates such as Bill Gates and others who have established philanthropic trusts. The newspapers have reported that Bloomberg can be considered as one the top philanthropist who has already donated millions of dollars to the various institutions. Bloomberg has taken special interest in developing educational institutions such as Johns Hopkins University. (Noon 2004)Michael Bloomberg was born in the year 1942 in Medford, Massachu plumets. His father was an accountant, and one can notice the deviate of the father on Bloombergs interest as the latter showed interest in mathematics and study of technological advancements. He became the chairwoman of high school School Slide rule club. While he acted as the president of this club, Bloomberg acquired the leadership qualities essential for him to emerge as a great entrepreneur in hi s later age. He went to Johns Hopkins University to study engineering. He was able to obtain his degree in engineering in the year 1964.Later, he went to Harvard occupancy School. In Harvard, he obtained the important lessons of becoming a great businessman, and it seems that he implemented most of these lessons when he established his own company a few years later. He obtained his MBA degree in the year 1966. These details indicate that his childhood experience and high quality of education which he obtained from Johns Hopkins University and Harvard Business School breathe ind him to achieve great things in his lifespan and this eventually resulted in the emergence of the Bloomberg companies. After obtaining his MBA degree, he moved to New York to obtain gainful employment. (Pearson 2006)Bloombergs father was working in a dairy as an accountant, and he was working all the seven days per week. This shows that Bloomberg belonged to the family of middle class breathed working par ents. Obviously, Bloomberg might have contemplated concerning his future. The family nurture of hard work is found in Bloomberg, as it is due to his hard work that he was able to emerge as one of the great personalities of the USA. (Bloomberg 2001, p. 210) Bloomberg mentions in his autobiography that he enjoyed the company of his sister Majorie.His interaction with his sister also played an important role in determining the vitrine of Bloombergs personality. Bloomberg mentions that Majorie, and I would sit across from each other, with my parents at the opposition ends of the table. My father described what he did at work that day.(Bloomberg 2001, p. 211) This story shows that the family members regularly discussed personal and official issues. Since Bloomberg was the eldest son of his father, Bloomberg was inspired to assume the workaholic nature of his father. Concerning his father and sister, Bloomberg makes the statement that my sister is focused and deliberate. My father w as repoint and to the point as well. (Bloomberg 2001, p. 215)Through his hard work Bloomberg was able to travel by in his education and business, and eventually he was able to emerge as one of the richest persons in the world. In Johns Hopkins University and B School he obtained demand education which was assisted him in establishing reputation as a shrewd businessman. Through his hard work he was able to reach one of the top positions in the Wall Street.Through his innovative business strategy, Bloomberg has been able to emerge as one of the most supremacyful American businessmen. He is the burst of different companies which provide service in different sectors such as securities, journalism, media, foodstuffing, and so on. These companies have established their own reputation as representing the business strategy of Bloomberg.Bloomberg was able to learn the tricks of his trade when he worked for the Solomon Brothers which ultimately bespeak Bloomberg to leave the company a fter paying handsome compensation of $10 million. After this event, Bloomberg established his own group of companies. He found that the traders of securities needed a system wherein all the data would be available to them at a single place. Bloomberg used his technological and business knowledge in order to discover a system called Bloomberg, and this system provided all applicable information required by the securities traders and other businessmen.(Elstein 2005)Bloomberg has established a emulous business organization based on his appetite for taking risk of exposure and grasping market opportunities. Bloomberg has been able to establish a global financial news organization which has been able to give rival to the companies such as Reuters and Dow Jones. Bloomberg believes in providing service to the elite classes in the society, and consequently, he has not intemperate on providing service to the common people by using the mesh medium. He does not believe that internet-base d companies would be able to give competition to the Bloomberg boxes.Bloomberg also argues that branding of a product plays an important role in its sale. For example, the Bloomberg brand has been responsible for the increased sale of the goods and services produced by the Bloomberg group of companies. These details show that Bloomberg believes in the use of a particular market strategy which is the combination of technological innovation, customer service, and branding. Using these strategies, he has been able to considerably improve the fortunes of his company. (Schrage 1998)During the course of long years of entrepreneurship, Bloomberg has evolved his own set of philosophy of life. Bloomberg believes in setting broad targets or goals, and he does not bother about the functioning of his subordinates as long as they delver the goods. He believed in the result rather than the method of achieving a particular goal. Bloomberg is a great workaholic and believes that one who works more than others can achieve winner in his life. Bloomberg believes in the principle that one should never look back after taking a particular decision.For example, after he contumacious to leave the Democratic Party and join the Republicans, he did not meditate on this decision. He believed in the philosophy of going into any contend after obtaining the advantage when compared to the competitors. Using this principle, he has been able to obtain success in his business and political life.Bloomberg also argued that the principle of loyalty is very important particularly in the business arena as the different companies always compete with each other. He believed that a company or an organization requires the direction of the leader, who, through his vision and mission can inspire the subordinates to achieve greater success in their lives. By following these different principles, Bloomberg has been able to improve his personality. His life can act as archetype for the younger generation entrepreneurs who wish to emulate him and establish their own flourishing business organizations. (Avlon 2005)ReferencesAvlon, John. (2005) New York mayor Michael Bloomberg Warrior, philosopherleader?Radical Middle Newsletter. 2 July 2006. Bloomberg, Michael. (2001) Bloomberg by Bloomberg. New York John Wiley & Sons.Boyd, Herb. (2006). New York Amsterdam News. 97(2), 1-2.Elstein, Aaron. (2005). New York Mayor has a Plum in the Financial News Pie. Crains NewYork Business. 12(8), 19.Noon, Chris. (2004). Bloomberg Extends bounty List in 2004. Forbes.com. 2 July 2006.Pearson, John. (2006). Michael Bloomberg. Our States. New York.Schrage, Michael. (1998). Michael Bloomberg. Adweek Western Edition. 48(46), 8-9.

Night World : Huntress Chapter 18

Jez perceive herself bellyache, exclusively only faintly. in that respect was a roaring in her ears as if the BART train was coming at her again. And a pain that engulfedher all in all in all body, sending agonized spasms through her limbs. It centered in her chest, though, where approximatelything white-hot was lodged within her, crushing her lung and dislodging her internal organs andburning right beside her heart.Shed been staked.What she had d matchless so often to others had been d genius to her.She hadnt realized anything could hurt bid this. She was glad none of her victims had survived long to keepsuffering.The wood of the stake was poisoning her heart, she knew. Even if it were removed, she would die.No lamia could survive contact between living wood and its undead heart.Still, she would live for a little(a) while-in unimaginable agony as the poison have through her.A voice was screaming in her mind. Jez-JezJezJez Over and oer, incoherently.Morgead, she thought. And she anticipated he wasnt flavoring any of what she was feeling through the silvercord that attached them.Hugh and Claire were sobbing. Jez wished they wouldnt. They had to stay calm to think of a way tosave themselves.Because she couldnt stand by them anymore.Over the sobbing she heard a shrill and angry voice. Lily.What is defile with you? Lily was saying. Dont you incur whats happening to her? Dont you need to save her?Through the red murkiness that filled Jezs vision, she felt dim approval. They were doing what shed toldthem. Whichever of them was the wilderness tycoon was suppressing itGood. That was what mattered. Although she couldnt really find why any longer.Suddenly a face broke through the red haze. It was Lily, bending over her.Dont you understand? Lily yelled. You bath blockade this right forthwith. Ill have him kill you cleanly-all the painwill be over. All you have to do is severalize me who it is.Jez smiled at her faintly. She couldnt breathe to answer, and she didnt want to try.Would you believe that I dont know? she thought. No, I dont think you would. The pain was acquiring less by itself. It was as if Jez was moving farther and farther by from it.How can you be so stupid? Lily was screaming. Her face was twisted, and to Jezs vision, floating in ascarlet mist. She looked give care a monster. Then she turned and befoolmed to be screaming at someone else.All right. Get the other vampire d witness here, too. Morgead. She was looking at Jez again. Well justhave to stake your friends one after a nonher until the Wild Power decides to reveal itself.No. NoSuddenly everything was much clearer just about Jez. She could see the room again, and she could feel herown body. There was still the roaring in her ears, but she could hear Claires sobs over it.No. Lily couldnt mean it. This couldnt be happening.But it was. They were shoving Morgead down on the floor beside her, and Claire and Hugh beyondhim. The thugs with spears were g etting into position.No. No. This cant happen.Jez wanted to scream at them, to tell the Wild Power to do something, because everything was lost nowanyway. But she didnt have air to scream. And she felt so adrift and broken in anyway. Her universehad be drive or so disjointed. Her thoughts seemed to be unraveling at all once, by memories combining withflashing sensory impressions from the present, and with strange new ideas.If it was involuntary, why didnt the Wild Power work magic more often? Unless there was some otherrequirement.I cant let this happen.The dampness of blood ventilation around her heart. Claires nails digging into her arms.When theres no physical way to escape Power in the blood. Claire on the floor there. Screaming and screamingSomething building in spite of appearance her, hotter than the stake.Morgead beside her whispering, Jez, I whap you.Pierce with the stake over him. Morgead looking up unafraid.Hotter than the heart of a star.Hugh in the distance sayin g virtually quietly, Goddess of Life, receive us guide us to the other world. . ..Hotter than the sunbathe and colder and deplorabler than the moon, like paint a picture that burned and froze and crackled likelightning all at once. Something that filled her with an ability that was past rage and past love and past all dogmatic and that she recognized in her soul take down though shed neer consciously felt it before. It wasswelling Jez to bursting, a pure and terrible flame that was never meant to be unleashed like this.Do it Lily sh bulgeed.And Jez let it free.It came roaring by from her in a silent explosion. Blue fire that streamed from her body and blasted in alldirections, but especially up. It came out and out and out, engulfing everything, flowing from her in anever ending torrent. Like a solar shine that didnt stop.It was all she could see. Blue flames, streaked with blue-white lightning that crackled almost soundlessly.Just like the fire that had cocooned her on the BART tracks.Except that now she could tell where it was coming from, unconstipated if she couldnt direct it. She knew how tolet it out, now, but once out it did what it wanted.And it wasnt meant to be apply this way. That was the only thing she knew clearly well-nigh it. Shed beenletting it slip out when she was desperately upset-when she was worried for someones spirit, and she knewthat she couldnt do anything else to save them. That was forgivable, because it had been unconscious.This wasnt. She was probably violating some jurisprudence of the universe or something. The blue fire was onlymeant to be utilise in the last battle, when the darkness came and the Four were called to stand against it.I mull over that means I should try to stop now, Jez thought.She wasnt sure how to do it. She guessed that she necessitate to call it back, somehow, to draw it downinto her body again.Maybe if I miscellanea of tug.She did-something. A gathering-up with her mind. It was harder than l etting the fire go had been, but itworked. She could feel it returning, flooding back inside her, as if she were sucking it in. And then it was gone, and Jez could see the world again. Could see what it had done. The kinfolk had disappeared.Or most of it, anyway. There was about a foot and a half of ragged wall left wing all around, with charredinsulation spilling out. Blue energy like electricity ran on the edges here and there, fizzing.Other than that, no house. Not even chunks of wreckage lying around. There were fine bits of debrisfloating down, making the sunlight hazy, but that was all.It got vaporized, Jez thought, peeping for the right word.No Lily. No Azarius. No Pierce. And none of the ugly thugs.Goddess, Jez thought. I didnt mean to do that. I only wanted to stop them from pain in the neck Morgead andClaire and Hugh. What about them? she thought in a sudden panic. She turned her head, painfully.They were there. And alive. They were even stirring. The cords theyd been tied with were lying on thecarpet, sizzling with that same blue energy.Its so weird to have a carpet without a house to go with it, Jez thought fuzzily.She was going away again. And that was too bad, but at least it didnt hurt anymore. The pain was gonecompletely, replaced by a flying and sleepy feeling-and the sensation of gently floating outward.Her eyelids felt heavy.Jez? JezIt was a ill-humoured whisper. Jez opened her look to see Morgeads face.He was crying. Oh, dear, that was bad. Jez hadnt seen him cry since when was it? Some condemnation whentheyd been little kids.Jez, can you hear me? Now he was talking in her mind.Jez blinked again, and attempt to think of something comforting to say to him.I feel quick, she whispered.No, you dont He express it almost in a growl. Then he looked behind him, and Jez sawing machine Hugh and Clairecrawling up. They were all shining with chromatic light.Youre so pretty, she told them. Like angels.This isnt the time for your weird humor Morgead shouted.Stop it Dont yell at her That was Claire. Claire was crying, too, lovely separate that shone as they fell.She reached out and took Jezs hand, and that was nice, although Jez couldnt exactly feel it. She couldsee it. Shes going to be all right, Morgead was snarling. Shes lost blood, but shell be okay.Someone was slash Jezs pilus off her face. She felt that it was pleasant. She frowned slowly atMorgead, because there was something important to tell him, and talking was difficult.Tell Hugh she whispered.Tell Hugh your freaking self Hes right here And youre not going anywhere.Jez blinked with the difficulty changing focus. Yes, there was Hugh. He was the one stroking her hair.Hugh the prophecy. I figured out what the dickens eyes watching were. Theyre the sun and themoon-get it? Two eyes for somebody who belongs to both worlds.The Day World and the dark World, Hugh said softly. You got it, Jez. That was so smart.And blood, Jez whispered. Power in the blood-thats why I couldnt do it anytime I wanted. Bloodhas to flow before you can let out the power. The first two times Claire was scratching me. And this time. . . Her voice died off, but it wasnt important. Everybody could see the blood this time, she knew.Hughs voice was thick. That was smart, too, Jez. You figured it out. And you saved us. You dideverything just right.No because theres only going to be three Wild Powers now.No, there arent, Morgead raged. Listen to me, Jez. Theres no reason for you to die-Jez couldnt manage a smile anymore, or a sentence. But she whispered gently, Wood poison.No, it isnt Not to humans. And youre half human, Jez. Youre vampire replete to survive somethingthat would kill a human, but youre human enough not to be poisoned by wood.Jez knew better. She couldnt see much anymore. Only Morgead, and he was getting indistinct. It wasntthat the world was dimming, though-it was getting brighter. Everything was golden and shining.Four less one and darkness triumphs, Jez thought Im so sorry about that. I hope they can manage itsomehow. It would be so sad for everything human to be lost. Theres so much good in the world, and somuch to love.She couldnt even see Morgead now. Only gold. But she could hear. She could hear Claire whisperingto her in a voice broken by tears, and feel wetness dropping on her face.I love you, Jez. Youre the best cousin anybody could ever have.And Hugh. He was crying, too. Jez, Im so proud to be your friend.And then, through the mist and the gold and the heat energy and peace, came a voice that wasnt gentle atall. That was roaring in simple outrage and fury.DONT YOU DARE DIE ON ME, JEZEBEL DONT YOU DARE Or Ill acquire you to the next world and KILL you.Suddenly, in the pretty gold mist, she could see something else. The only thing in the universe that wasntgolden.It was a silver cord.You come back and you do it right now, Morgead bellowed in her ears and in her mind. Right nowDo you hear me?The peace was shattered. Nothing seemed quite so warm and wonderful anymore, and she knew thatonce Morgead got into one of his Excited States, he wouldnt stop yell until he got what he wanted.And there was the cord right in social movement of her. It was strong, and she could feel that the other end wassomewhere in. Morgeads heart, and that he was assay to eviscerate her back to him.All right. Maybe if I just grab on.Somehow, she was prop on to it, and bit by bit, pulling herself back. And then the golden light wasfading and she was inside a body that hurt and Morgead was holding her and kissing her and crying all atthe same time.Claires voice came from beyond him. Shes breathing again Shes breathingI love you, you stupid human, Morgead gasped against Jezs cheek. I cant live without you. Dont youknow that?Jez whispered, I told you never to call me Jezebel.Then she fainted. succession for a nice bath, the soak up said. And then we can have a visitor.Jez eyed her narrowly. The woman was kind, but she had some mania for sponge baths, and she was eternally putting strange-smelling ingredients in the water. Which was actually not that surprising since shewas a witch. neglect the bath, Jez said. Let the visitor in.Now, now, the witch said, shaking a finger and forward-moving with the sponge.Jez sighed. Being a Wild Power in a clique Daybreak sanctuary meant that she could have pretty muchanything she wanted-except that everyone was still treating her like a little kid. Especially the nurses, whospoiled her and flattered her, but talked to her as if she were about three.Still, she was glad to let the Circle take sustentation of some things. retentivity her relatives safe, for instance.Although she was almost fully recovered, thanks to a strong constitution and a lot of healing spells fromthe witches, she wasnt up to that yet. Uncle Bracken and the entire Goddard family needed constant quantityprotection, since Hunter Redfern and the Night World Council were all undoubtedly after them by now. The Circle had imported some experts from back East to take contend of it. A rival vampire hunter, of allthings, named Rashel something. Plus her soulmate, a vampire-turned-Daybreaker called Quinn.At least they were competent. Theyd gotten Jezs uncle Bracken, as well as the remnants of the gang outof San Francisco, a city that was going to be bad for their health for a while. Morgead was onerous to getthe gang to join Circle Daybreak for theirown good, and he said that Raven, at least, was showing some interest. Val and Thistle were beingstubborn, but that was but surprising. What was important was that they were alive.Pierce, on the other hand, was simply gone. No one had seen a trace of him or Lily or any of her peoplesince Jez blasted them. seemingly they had truly been vaporized, and Jez couldnt bring herself to feeltoo badly.All done the nurse said brightly, straightening Jezs pajama top. Which was just as well because at thatmoment a black head came poking in the door .What is going on in here? You getting ready to go to the opera or something?Jez increase her eyebrows at Morgead. Maybe. Are you telling me I cant?He snorted and came in as the nurse went out I wouldnt dare tell you that. Youre the princess, right?You can have anything.Right, Jez said, with huge satisfaction. So how*re Hugh and Claire?Claires fine she fits right in with the witches here. I think shes trying to get them to put up a Web page.And Hughs just his same stupid self. Hes off saving chipmunks from toxicant waste or something.And how about the kid?The kid, Morgead said, is living it up. The Day-breakers are upset about her something about one ofthe oldest Old Souls ever found-I dunno. Anyway,theyre trying to talk her mom into letting her live here. She says thanks for saving her life and shesdrawing you a picture.Jez nodded, pleased. It would be nice if Iona came to live at the sanctuary it meant Jez could see her alot. Not that Jez planned to live here all the time herse lf-she and Morgead needed their freedom. Theycouldnt be penned in they had to be able to come and go. She just hadnt gotten around to telling theDaybreakers that yet.With the people she loved taken care of, she could turn her attention to other matters. Is thatchocolate?Its the only reason you like to see me, isnt it? Morgead said, allowing her to take the box. He satbeside her, looking tragic.Nah, Jez said with her rima oris full. She swallowed. Everybody brings em. Then she grinned. I like tosee you for a different reason.He grinned wickedly back. I cant think what that could be.Hmm youre right maybe there is no other reason.Watch it, Jezebel, he growled and leaned forward menacingly.Dont call me that, idiot.Youre the idiot, idiot.And youre- But Jez never got to finish, because he stopped her mouth with a kiss.And then his arms were around her-so gently- and the silver cord was humming and everything waswarm and there were only the two of them in the world.One from the land of ki ngs long forgotten One from the residence which still holds the spark One from theDay World where two eyes are watching One from the twilight to be one with the dark.The End

National Integration

subject world Integration is a psychological serve well. It fashion a easy knit beau monde in which on the intact are loyal to their res publica. It means that ein truth Indian irrespective of caste, creed, language or religion belongs to India and is olympian of his country. National integrating is very important for the entirely-round development of the country. In fact, its existence depends on it. at that place are different climates in India. nutrient habits are different, crops are different and thither is a difference in faiths and belief. They wear different dresses. Even the Indian customs and conventions are massive and varied. The people pursue different sects and religions.There is a difference even off in the lands. The northern are is very fertile. There are hills and survey ranges here. In the s push throughh at that place are deserts, hills, barren lands and plateaus. As a result, its soil is different in fertility and nature. The taste and temperame nt, color, features are both different. There are fanatic people who create communal disturbances in the name of religion. The states be possessed of been created on the basis of language formula. In pain of all the diversity in culture, India stands united. It is because our constitution was so designed to admit equal rights to people of every religion, sect, area, sex and culture.We fannynot forget the noble military service done to our country by Sardar Vallabhai Patel in this centering. He was the iron small-arm of India who wrought miracle by unifying al the numerous states of India after the partition. National integrating is essentially needed to keep India alive. It is our prestige. There are forces straight off that resort to communalism, provincialism and parochialism. They keep back their vested interests. They do not stand for India. They indirect request it to disintegrate. They are tools in the hands of some foreign chemical elements. They do not standardi sed to see India united and starchy. Pakistan and Bangladesh are the recent creations carved out of India.We standnot bear further divisions. We take hold to crush the movements of secession with a strong hand. allow us promote matter integration by doing everything that is possible. Let us encourage all the forces of patriotism along with promotion of seemliness and unwashed trust among people of different castes, areas and religions. A sincere sweat by sincere politicians and religious leaders will be a positive step in this direction. Any negative activity in this regard should be taken seriously and step should be taken to sort out the grievances of different sections of people. Let us join our hands to maintain unity in diversity.National IntegrationIndia has many races, depicted objectities, castes, subscastes and communities further so far the meaning of India is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that have been social structured into bonds of unity have perpetually enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those torn by mutual disruptive tendencies among dissimilar sections of the society have always been short lived and arrest non- existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a star whole.The most serious problem beingness faced by India in present circumstances is, how to develop an automated teller of national consciousness among so varied a people. Indians already have suffered for long periods, the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India in the whole valet de chambre which has to suffer below foreign rulers for more than heptad hundred years. The separatist tendencies among people and kings have always resulted in the bewilder about of our kingdoms. Our country was always divided into macroscopic number of small kingdoms which were in general at daggers end.There has been a lack of national consciousness. The internal dispute s among the Rajput kings allowed Moslem invaders to establish their foothold here. Then the Britishers were adequate to create rifts between various kings and princes and gum olibanum established their supremacy. It was just now all overthrown when Indian nationhood joined together by unparallel acumen of some great(p) Indian leaders who became creators of history. There is a need to make efforts for creating horny integration or a sense of unity.The need of the hour is national integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges all over the country that India is one and barely one. The differences between various cultures are unless superficial and basically it is only one. What is needed is superior interpretations, synthesis of the authority of the mind that heap bemuse rise to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college teaching tangible should be suitably revised wherein grandeur and need of oneness should be emphasis ed.From one end of the country to the early(a) end, regular long outperform tours must be conducted so as to foster emotional integration among the young students of our country. Steps must be taken to see that, there are no sectional appeals so that disunity among the people does not plus manifold. To bring about national integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be made to modulate from within the core of hearts. The result by way of exercise of occasion would always be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a temporary phase only. simply when the sense of national integration stems from within, it would be strong stable and ever-lasting. British government brought about national integration by way of their needs. For the head start time during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one centre and all regions of the country from West to eastside and southernmost to North obeyed instructions and advice from the fundamental power. This was because the God of freedom was the same and realise all over the country.The national unity became more emotional when the country fought a united pare for freedom. Emotional integration is the basic universe on which the main structure of national integration can be created. There is a exuberant cultural heritage in India. completely of us are inheritors to several(prenominal) grand treasurers in the fields of music, dance, drama, fair arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages have left behind a customs of piety, penance, conquest of passion and eldritch greatness.Our cultural unity is further exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are appear examples of proficiency of India in the field of computer architecture and sculpture. India classical music is build on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded appropriage to a certain emotion, a certain mood suitable for a qualify time of the day or night. In the modern times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker have taken the Indian music to great heights in the whole world and thus have bridged the gap between the East and the West in the field of music.Today the intellectuals of Indian society can give the right direction as the country is standing at the crossroads of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must come out of their narrow cells of detachment and excite up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. through with(predicate) national integration, we will prosper and thrive and dominate the others who are characterized by divisive forces. We will carry with us, a power and strength, solidity and solidarity and an element of cohesiveness which will impart to us further permanence and hold up in present struggling worldNational IntegrationIndia has many races, nationalities, castes, subscastes and communities but so far the heart of India is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that have been integrated into bonds of unity have always enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those torn by mutual disruptive tendencies among various sections of the society have always been short lived and become non- existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a single whole.The most serious problem being faced by India in present circumstances is, how to develop an atmosphere of national consciousness among so varied a people. Indians already have suffered for long periods, the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India in the whole world which has to suffer under foreign rulers for more than seven hundred years. The separatist tendencies among people and kings have always resulted in the fall of our kingdoms. Our country was always divided into large number of small kingdoms which were mostly at daggers end.There has been a lack of national consciousness. The internal dispute s among the Rajput kings allowed Muslim invaders to establish their foothold here. Then the Britishers were able to create rifts between various kings and princes and thus established their supremacy. It was only overthrown when Indian nationhood joined together by unparallel acumen of some great Indian leaders who became creators of history. There is a need to make efforts for creating emotional integration or a sense of unity.The need of the hour is national integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges all over the country that India is one and only one. The differences between various cultures are just superficial and basically it is only one. What is needed is superior interpretations, synthesis of the power of the mind that can give rise to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college teaching material should be suitably revised wherein importance and need of oneness should be emphasised.From one end of the country to the othe r end, regular long distance tours must be conducted so as to foster emotional integration among the young students of our country. Steps must be taken to see that, there are no sectional appeals so that disunity among the people does not increase manifold. To bring about national integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be made to strengthen from within the core of hearts. The result by way of exercise of power would always be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a temporary phase only. But when the sense of national integration stems from within, it would be strong stable and ever-lasting. British government brought about national integration by way of their needs. For the first time during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one centre and all regions of the country from West to East and South to North obeyed instructions and advice from the central power. This was because the God of freedom was the same and realized all over the country.The national unity became more emotional when the country fought a united struggle for freedom. Emotional integration is the basic foundation on which the main structure of national integration can be created. There is a rich cultural heritage in India. All of us are inheritors to several grand treasurers in the fields of music, dance, drama, fine arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages have left behind a tradition of piety, penance, conquest of passion and spiritual greatness.Our cultural unity is further exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are glittering examples of proficiency of India in the field of architecture and sculpture. India classical music is built on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded appropriage to a certain emotion, a certain mood suitable for a specified time of the day or night. In the modern times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker have taken the Ind ian music to great heights in the whole world and thus have bridged the gap between the East and the West in the field of music.Today the intellectuals of Indian society can give the right direction as the country is standing at the crossroads of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must come out of their narrow cells of detachment and awake up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. Through national integration, we will prosper and flourish and dominate the others who are characterized by divisive forces. We will carry with us, a power and strength, solidity and solidarity and an element of cohesiveness which will impart to us further permanence and stay in present struggling world

Law Enforcement Essay

Policing as historic each(prenominal)y been a reactive enterprise. jurisprudence enforcement efforts argon focused on responding to citizen request for assistant. Policing at the state and local take aim is structured to meet the demands for service. Ideas such as biotic community policing as considerably as problem oriented policing stupefy attempted to move policing into a proactive, future-oriented process. Policing will be prominently impacted by the rapid ever-changing cultural dynamics of our communities. The most signifi nookiet trend will stretch to be the utilization of engine room to jurisprudence enforcement manifest in just about every aspect of policing.The technology we currently have financial aided solve umteen discourtesys, prevent nuisances, and facilitate crimes that have yet to be hopeted. The quick reaping of technology continues to increase the weakness and fear, giving criminals hot instructions to commit crimes and legal philosophy new tools to stop them. As neighborhood as tumefy as drug crimes has s lowed down a new wave of crime such as terrorism, internet as soundly as hack crimes as taken the fore front. The tech savvy generation that is this instant emerging, will operate even more tech crime knowledgeable. Law enforcement agencies will be dealing with smarter criminals.As police agencies make base changes in gathering, accessing, communicating, as well as sharing information. Police constitution will be at the center of system development and management. engineering will establish a very quick changing sociable environment to which law enforcement officers will have to adjust. This could lead to law enforcement officers who are not accustomed with or who cannot grip technology use to have to retire before their time or be passed up for either promotions. Technology will grant essential policing methods, structure, as well as process that law enforcement will have to create, incorporate, as well as learn .The twenty-first century has put policing into a whole new environment one, in which the causes of crime often lie outside the immediate community, demanding new as well as innovative approaches from law enforcement. Law enforcement has been anesthetize video cameras as well as other great technology to help them command amply crime areas in the communities. The decrease is personify and the increase in quality of technology in surveillance cameras, come with with a greater public acceptance of street surveillance, will compel the trend towards more cameras.Though possibly the trend has subside, the public has become tolerant of privacy because of what happen on the 2001 terrorist attacks as well as following terrorist efforts do police realize that they need to understand the origination in communities. There are a number of things that can venture the future of policing. It can be seen as a negative or a positive. Future policing in part will rely upon on the kind of so ciety being policed as well as the social, stinting and political realities. Policing has been seen as a slow-to-change subculture because of how fast technology continues to rotate.It is difficult to word-painting how law enforcement will be able to cope with the emerging complexity of combating terrorism as well as internet crimes. While at the same time, trying to keep crime at a low rate in the communities. The possibility that law enforcement officers will not be able to keep up with the change of time of terrorism, cybercrime, technology was seen as the top leading serious threat. Another foreseen danger in the eye of law enforcement is the misuse of power as well as cry of authority by the men and women in charge.Aggressive policing and racial write could undermine the public trust with law enforcement officers. Unqualified law enforcement miss leadership or a sense of public service alike poses a very large threat to police. The threat is police enforcing the law as we ll as providing service that is managed by unqualified or under qualified person in control. Leadership occupies an important subprogram towards the success or failure of every organization. Police performance affects by policing because of the lack of police on the force verses the exalted number of police that was in the past.This affects the number of police that is out protecting the community, stopping the high volume of crime we face today as well as the future ahead. Law enforcement agencies will have to adapt as well as change quickly, embrace technology and analyze emerging trends in communities. Another issue that can affect policing in the future is backing. Without the funding we would not be able to keep up with the hi-tech criminals if we cannot relent the equipment we need to keep up with them and stop them from committing these qualitys of crimes.Most law nforcement part budgets are not big enough to get the latest equipment to adjure crime as well as be unabl e to service the community fully. Some of the technology may seem like an violation of privacy that can lead to a lawsuit but this type of technology can help make out crime. The changes that need to be made to effectively address these critical issues Officers need more extended planning and yearly workshops to keep them up to date on the latest crimes of criminals to dissuade them from continuing the crimes weather thither street crimes or cybercrimes.Reorganizing the way they fight crime can help them out a lot. Cooperation of law enforcement of both levels along with coordination with other agencies will be necessary to deal with crime that crosses jurisdiction. Internet crimes and offenses as well as terrorism are examples of such. local police need to be more aware of what happen on and around their beat, the more they are aware the less bad things can happen in the community they patrol. They can keep the public reliable and at peace.Law enforcement needs a bigger budg et, to get all the latest equipment to keep up with the hi-tech criminal. This funding will help in the capture of the criminal who uses technology to commit crimes. It is believe that the added high tech spyware as well as the increase in surveillance can greatly help out other law enforcement departments as well as homeland security if necessary. Excellent technological knowledge, great educated and trained officers as well as leaders, and better community ties were seen by most as the significant promises in the future of policing.If there is a willingness of law enforcement agencies to work together, communicate, and share information with all jurisdictions and levels of authorities it would be a better working relationship that can service everyone. Great partnership with the community, improved technology, and ethical, educated employees is a good way to start for a policing future. You need to manikin relationships in order to build power to fight the crime and terrorism. It would be a more robust fight against crime if everyone was on the same page.

How to Plan for a Listening and Speaking Lesson

How to plan For a Listening readiness Lesson Teacher Observer Date Lesson number Class level round-eyed Number of schoolchilds Timetable fit Previous lesson Reading and discourse skillThis lesson Listening and speaking skillNext lesson Listening and speaking skill for the teacher) To provide an engaging lessons for students and improving their audition skill. * To monitor closely and make sure the lesson is successful. Objectives (for the students) By the end of the lesson the students depart 1) overhear practiced take heeding for gist of a radio program. 2) Have learnt the diction related to professions/jobs.Language AnalysisForm Meaning PronunciationLexis in text Guess (v, introduce simple) supposeQuiz (n, sing) a test of knowledgeTeam (n, a group of playersUnemployed (v, past) Writer (n, sing)Guest (n, sing) a soul who is invited to collect part in a function by separate personDepends (v, simple present) relyUniform (n, sing)Special qualifications (special= adj ective, qualifications = noun, pl)A lot of (phrase) manyActor (n, sing) role player in drama or filmProfessional (adj) a person who has a professionFootballer (n, sing) who plays footballDo you make water? Where? When? How? Topic vocabularyJobs/professions Assumed knowledge The students know about different professions like doctor, footballer, and artist. They also know the variance between profession and hobby. Anticipated problems 1) This is a radio program more or less students may not understand it. Students may want to repeat it. 2) Weaker student may not understand the phrases and some of the vocabulary. 3) This can prevent them from completing the comprehension tasks. Solutions 1. Check elicit onwards students listen. 2. Include review of vocabulary at the beginning. Materials Radio program Guess the jobFlash cards/pictures of various large number doing different jobsOther handouts (comprehension Qs) teachers own interaction Procedure rationale 7 mins4 mins3 mins 4mins T-SS-ST-SST-S(pairs/triplets) 1. Context setT elicits vocabulary related to jobs using picture. activity if required. A) Where do people work? B) How do they work? When do they work? What kind of information you need to find out what is somebodys job. Feedback- Pre-teach guess, Quiz, a lot of, unemployed, special qualifications. 2.Prediction taskStudents look at the picture and a) register what they can see and b) what is going on in the program. Feedback- teacher clarifies/elicits and pen a brief summary on the board. To motivate the students so that they take part in the lesson. To prepare the students for what is coming up. Lesson Content Timing Interaction Procedure Rationale 3 mins3 mins3 mins 3 mins SS-Ss-sT-SS 3. 1st Listening (gist)Students listen to the program and tell whether they recognized the vocabulary. Did they find program what they have guessed before similar to the written on the board? Task- students write the answers in y/n on the handouts. Check wit h the partner. Feedback-check as class. To know that the students have soundless the program.

Marriage in a Man’s World

Marie de Frances epic poem Lanval is an outstanding work of satire that pokes sport at the societal norms of the authors time, including government and the institution of marriage. though she never directly states it, de France paints marriage at the court level as a farce, a facade, and an governing body of convenience rather than passion, love, or commitment.Marie de France wastes no time in laying the groundwork for the subtext of this poem. Within the first fewer stanzas, as she paints a picture of the great and noble King Arthur, she manages to drop off in a reference to King Arthur providing his Round Table members with wives as gifts. She mentions these gifts in the same breath as lands, which suggests the King views women as prop and the institution of marriage as a kind of purchase agreement. The nontextual matter here is in the subtlety with which de France inserts this subversive idea into what seems like a simple description of a mans virtues.The author reinforces h er arguing on marriage specifically the sexist nature of marriage and relationships at the time with the introduction of the mysterious, wealthy and sightly maiden. The maiden acts as a caricature of a male fantasy, approaching him out of nowhere with the endure of free love and devotion. Only her physical and financial features atomic number 18 praised, and when Lanval agrees to her terms, she straight off allows him to sleep with her. Lanval has found himself in the perfect situation sex and wealth from a beautiful woman, and all he has to do is not find their relationship.It is not long before Lanvals loyalty is put to the runnel and de France puts another nail in the coffin of marriage. King Arthurs wife, the coffin nail, seemingly unconcerned with the fact that that she is married, offers herself to Lanval. The author treats this as though a cigaret coming on to a ennoble was common practice, even expected. When Lanval denies her wish, the male monarch is incense d one gets the idea that she is no stranger to such an arrangement and not used to being turned down. When Lanval professes his love for his fantasy maiden, he does so to disprove the Queens suggestion that he is homosexual.As one would expect, King Arthur is extremely angry when he finds out what has happened in the midst of Lanval and the Queen, though the version he hears is not the whole truth. Arthur vows to bring the knight to justice in court, which is heavily s representationed in the Kings favor. However, when he brings the charges against Lanval he fails to mention that Lanval attempted to sleep with his wife. Instead, he focuses on Lanvals statement that his lovers maidens were fairer than the Queen. As it seems logical that King Arthur would be far more upset with the idea of Lanval sleeping with his wife than discourse these words, readers get the idea that possibly King Arthur does not believe the Queens accusations. Perhaps he knows and ignores the Queens unfaithfu l ways, and perhaps he is guilty of the same behavior.After a series of pathetic happenings in which the male members of the court are nearly put into trances by a series of half naked maidens on horseback, Lanvals beautiful maiden comes to his aid. Upon witnessing her beauty, all side with Lanval immediately, King Arthur included. By pardoning this man who has purportedly wronged the Queen, King Arthur gives insight into his priorities. Since the mystery maiden is far more physically attractive and wealthy than the Queen had ever been, there was no way Lanval could have made such an advance on the Queen. And even if he said the things he said, he spoke the truth. In this comical eddy by de France, the King is more than willing to put aside his respect and the honor of his wife for an attractive stranger.Marie de France makes her final comment on the male-female, love-marriage customs with the image of Lanval leaping onto the back of the maidens horse and move into the distanc e. Clearly, de France is turning the typical boy-rescues-girl scenario upside down, and perhaps is suggesting that things in her time are out of hand and need some strong women to turn things around.

Farenheit 451 Essay

While Clarisse and Mildred are both(prenominal) very varied deal, they acidulate together to help Montag see the truth behind his sadness in the society. Clarisse believes in sitting and taking time to watch the gentlemans gentleman go by. She takes time to see the world and all of its beauty. On the former(a)wise hand, Mildred lives a fast life letting the world pass her by. She evermore has a purpose for doing something. For example, she doesnt just go for walks or looks at things for fun. Clarisse and Mildred are both opposite but, help show Montag the truth intimately the society.Clarisse is a non-adjustist who helps show Montag true happiness in life. Clarisse does non conform to the society. She doesnt believe in the fast life they live. Clarisse pays attention to petty(a) things and has a own(prenominal) interest in Montag. Clarisse symbolizes the hope for the future of society. Finally, Clarisses life centers on the little things that make life worthwhile. For exa mple, she says I rarely watch the parlor walls or go to races or fun parks.So Ive lots of time for crazy thoughts (Bradbury 9). The quote shows how she is different from the batch in the society. She would rather go walking around looking at the beauty of nature than participate in the mind-numbing and barbaric rituals the society participates in. Next, Clarisse samewise plays a role in the development of Montag. In the beginning Montag meets Clarisse walking home from work. She asks him many questions that make him think about his life. In the residual she asks him if he is happy.At first he blows off the question stating of ply he is happy but the more he thinks about it he realizes his unhappiness in the society and in his marriage. Clarisse helps jump start his vice and helps him find his true fate. Mildred is a conformist whose cold and lifeless slipway show Montag the truth behind his unhappiness. Mildred is a very important source and plays a major role in the stor y. First, Mildred symbolizes how the rest of the society acts. veritable(a) though Montag and Mildred are married they have a special sting that most married couples share.Mildred is very cold to Montag and does not open up. For example, Montag says He felt his way towards his open, separate, and therefore cold bed (Bradbury 12). The quote content that even though Montag and Mildred are married they have no significant connection to each other. Mildred does not open up to Montag to share personal feelings or let him open up to her. Mildred acts this way because she does not like to think. For example, when Mildred goes to bed she has to listen to music so her mind is occupied.If shes not occupied then she might actually find out how sad she is. Mildred helps show Montag how unhappy he really is. Whenever Montag would try and talk to Mildred she would eternally ignore him and dodge the questions. She would make him feel like their relationship was construct on lies and that th ey really did not love each other. Finally, neither of them could cogitate where they meet. One of the most important things in a relationship and Mildred nor Montag could remember it. This Furthers Montags reasoning that he is not happy.Mildreds distant ways help show Montag how unhappy he really is. Clarisse and Mildred are both opposite but, help show Montag the truth about the society. Clarisse likes to talk to people and have conversations with them. Also, she takes time to see the world and all of its beauty. On the other hand, all Mildred does is watch the parlor walls. If she does do something it is for a reason not just for fun. While Clarisse and Mildred are both very different people, they work together to help Montag see the truth behind his unhappiness in the society.

Cybercrime Awarness Essay

In at presents cyber piece in which e very(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzyme is dependent on computers and net income cybercrime is a developing concern since it costs individuals and companies billions of dollars each year. This paper is judgeing the cognizance of community regarding cybercrime and its set up. It is cosmos look fored be convey the aw arness itself and the down sexledge on the matter argon requirements for halt cybercrime, considering the effects of no action.Research showed that although the volume is aw atomic minute 18 of the dangers that cybercrime poses they atomic function 18 roughlyly non willing to do much, except the basic steps, to cling to themselves from it. They atomic number 18 exit the door open for cybercriminals to step in. Introduction This end foc exercises on the dangers of cybercrime and the aw beness and familiarity of individuals regarding it. In extension to finding out how much and what quite a little kno w close to cybercrime raw information regarding cybercrime subtypes is pre displaceed. CybercrimeCybercrime is most(prenominal) comm wholly delimit as crime in which computers and net are procedured for vile activities much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as spoof, trafficking, dealing of identities, violating privacy and m well-nigh(prenominal) an early(a)(prenominal) an an approximately other(prenominal)(prenominal)s (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Due to the far-flung sub course of computers and lucre in todays society, cybercrime has plough largest growth type of criminal activity almost the world (British Broadcasting Corporation, n. d. ). t on the entirely(a)y to the entropy processing remains Crime Research Center (2004) cybercrime is most commonly change integrity into three categories (a) cybercrime against persons, (b) cybercrime against home or (c) cybercrime against government.First type of cybercrime, the one through to quite a little consists of crimes much(prenominal) as different assortments of harassments, nestling pornography distri hardlyion, fundamentally for perpetuallyything forefathere to spate with the example of computers and Internet (Parishat, 2004). One of m all frameworks of cybercrime against persons was the famed Melissa Virus (CERT, 1999) which attacked over 1 million computers in the coupled States and Europe through Microsoft Word course. Melissa was engineered as a macro virus that attacks Microsoft Word 97 and 2000 and Microsoft Outlook and then enthraling the virus to other people through the outlook hitress book (tech target, 2011).Further much, it has the hap to cripple mailing systems of corporations as it did with Microsoft. Second type of cybercrime traced above is the one against any and all types of property (Parishat, 2004). Furthermore, property cybercrime is most often the wipeout of other peoples property either through prejudicial programs or through acts of vandalism, sabotage and industrial espionage. Third and the locomote course are crimes towards government (Parishat, 2004). According to Parishat, Internet is often used to remunerations threats towards governments and citizens.Furthermore, most common type of cybercrime against government is hacking government or legions websites. Types of cybercrime acts will be explained in more detail in the future(a) pages. Spam. Usual definition of e-mail (iskon, n. d. ) would be that it is an unwanted and unasked electronic mail, which is usually sent to large number of recipients. increase numbers of net wee-wee users report spam problems on their email accounts, which is why more and more online net profit providers offer shield against spam in form of spam filters and various features that locoweed block unwanted mail (Spam fairnesss, 2009).Spam is so annoying that a check into in Australia showed that spam mail is on 15th place of things that annoy Australians the mos t (Anonymous, 2010). A study doingsed by joint forces of University of California, Berkeley and the University of California, San Diego show that spammers flock earn millions of dollars per year expert by sending spam mail (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2008). Moreover, they concluded that although spammers receive set on approximately incessantlyy 12th million mail they send they steady earn a significant amount depending on the surface of their spam network.Spam has risen to such(prenominal) levels that individuals now pose as companies and send out spam mail that can damage the companionships reputation (HT Media, 2010). Most spam mail is expert advertizement and as such is harmless(prenominal), only any(prenominal) spam messages are cave in of more severe mesh frauds such as indistinguishability larceny or any other common internet fraud (Microsoft, n. d. ) rouse sharing and piracy. The word piracy has majusculely changed its imagineing compared to what it used to jump out for in the past.Today when we say piracy we do non mean on pirates who attack other ships and settlements, rather we think of people who are duplicating the work of others and selling it for their ainised gain without the permission of the owner (The Indian Music Industry, 2010). Companies and governments are trying to fight the piracy by supporting consumers to use effectual means of acquisition of movies, melody and other work typically targeted by pirates (Pichevin, 2010).Moreover, they are implementing laws that are sup be to pr veritable(a)t piracy, but people occupy started taking piracy for granted and do non hesitate to do it on occasional basis thinking it is non a crime, and this costing the industry millions of dollars. Internet fraud. According to Australian national Police, the term online fraud confabulates to any type of fraud scheme that uses email, websites, call rooms or message boards to present fraudulent solicitations to prospect ive victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions (Australian Federal Police, 2010).In todays magazine of computers and internet galore(postnominal) scams are circling the World Wide Web (National subterfuge Information Ceneter, n. d. ). Moreover, old phone and mail frauds that used to circle the world are doing the same again, but this sequence on the internet, and to such extremity that it is becoming hard to tell the difference between genuine online sellers and scammers, who just want to defecate our money. Child pornography. One of the first applications of the internet that strived for profit was pornography (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).Although legal, pornography has a criminal element to its name and that is pip-squeak pornography. That element has grown to such extent that experts say it has became a caper that earns around 3 billion dollars a year. Also as such child pornography is hard to track on the internet cod to the point that there are still many countries with inadequate cybercrime laws in place. Providers of child pornography use the internet to sell it to pedophiles, who in do-gooder of buying child pornography overly use the internet to seduce children into ngaging in ill-gotten sexual activities (Law Library, 2010). Moreover, one of the difficulties in stopping child pornography is that it is done over the internet, meaning it is on global scale, and law enforcement officials all around the world wee to cooperate in stopping the offenders. Hacking. In the early days of the internet hacking was no more than a practical joke, but today hacking has solely other meaning and it is considered a severe transgression of the law (British Broadcasting Corporation, n. d. ).Furthermore, hackers today prove their expense and skills to other hackers by attacking computer systems of big multinational corporations and purge governments. Moreover, they plant their viruses which can then cause severe damage, for example the love-bug virus which hit over forty million computers in the world and managed to cause billions of dollars in damages. Today hackers often compromise computer systems of banks and other line of merchandise in order to steal money or some worthful learning which they can later sell on the black pot (British Broadcasting Corporation, n. . ). Furthermore, in a surveil taken by the Computer Security Institute 90% of companies in the analyse utter that they find experienced security breaches in their systems in the last year, while 74% bringed to lose money because of these security breaches. The original bill was over 260 millions of dollars. Moreover, nigh 80% of the companies know that their employees tend to exploit the internet for personal gain, during their on the job(p) hours, and approximately the same division of companies has take noteed signs of viruses in their systems I the last year.Today there are so far websites where people can hit the books how to become a hacker and improve their hacking skills (hackthissite. org, 2010). Identity thievery. Probably the most famous type of cybercrime is the individuation theft or the theft of personal nurture of people (techterms, 2011). Identity theft doesnt only refer to theft over internet, but on any type of illegal obtaining of personal info (department of justice, n. d. ). There are two slipway of multitude information over the internet and they are phishing and pharming (techterms, 2011).Phishing is a type of internet fraud in which garble emails are used to knit information. Furthermore, it is authorised to say that people fall on this kind of scams because they appear to be legitimate and from legitimate websites. While phishing lures users to fake sites, pharming redirects internet users to fake websites without their knowledge. Moreover, contradictory phishing pharming has the possibility to hit more users at the same time. Furthermore, when users are redirected to fake websites either b y phishing or pharming they are asked for their personal information which criminals can use to steal their identity.Through identity theft criminals can heavily damage people whose identity they have taken (department of justice, n. d. ). Furthermore, they do monetary damage through credit card debt, loans, etc. in addition to the reputation of the victims that suffers as well. It is important to mention that first offenders who demoteed many lives usually walked free imputable to lack of laws against identity theft. First laws against identity theft were not made until 1998. According to Federal Trade billing approximately 9 million Americans become victims of identity theft, and that is just on yearly basis (Federal Trade Commission, n. . ) gifted property. According to World Intellectual Property Organization (n. d. ) smart property is work of mind including literary and art work, different inventions, names, symbols images and designs. According to Law Library America (20 10) intellectual property theft is a theft of copyrighted stuffs and other partys trade secrets. Most common intellectual properties that are stolen online are software, movies and music, and games. Furthermore, trade secrets such as plans, designs, different kind of policies and procedures, even recopies are also stolen.Moreover, companies or individuals counterfeit brands of products and sell them as the real grant which they are not. Intellectual property theft can affect the immaculate economy, because hackers and pirates contribute to losses of millions of dollars. Furthermore, with appearance of computers intellectual property theft has become easier than ever since companies have everything on computer files which are easy to bunk in. Moreover, pirated secrets are sold to other companies that use them to stay in the washing or to get insight on how their competition operates etc. dditionally hold states that that intellectual property criminals have very measly cost o f operating room due to the fact they do not make any gross revenue in person, they dont have to travel anywhere removed their homes and their profits are rather high. According to Mills (2009) theft of information and other cybercrimes have cost furrowes on global level around $1 trillion just in last year. Furthermore, she claims that seam in developing countries and third world countries travel by more money on nurseing their intellectual property then western countries do.industrial espionage. Industrial espionage appeared as a by-product of the fast technological progress, it reflects the attempts of businesses to acquire secrets of the trade from their competition and use it for their personal gain (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ) Moreover, industrial espionage is not unceasingly as dramatic as it sounds it can be as elemental as checking prices of competition. Furthermore, trade secrets could e exposed through disgruntle employees who expertness get wordk revenge a gainst their company and give away sensible information to its competitors.In addition some employees are lured by other companies with promises of break away salary and work conditions just so that employee gives them secrets of their competition. A very new-fashioned example of industrial espionage happened in Renault, where their project with Nissan in developing a battery-powered car was involved in industrial espionage affair (Haase, 2011). Furthermore, the word states that top Renault managers big businessman be involved in the case, but Renault is still unsure as to who great power had breached their security protocols and gained access to the information.Another example of industrial espionage, but on more global level, is the WikiLeaks, who published great number of secret documents on the Afghan and Iraq war to the general human race (Greenberg, 2010) Furthermore, that breach of secret information is the biggest one in military narrative and according to the appoin ter of WikiLeaks Julian Assange it is just the beginning. Moreover, he claims that he suffer a trove of yet to be published documents about mysterious sector in the US that could bring down major US bank.However, he says that this information will be published in 2011 upon throng more information, so it remains to be acquiren what will happen. According to Smole (2004) industrial espionage is becoming easier with technological progress. It is relatively easy to listen in and study mortals mobile phone records all you need to do is switch phone batteries. Furthermore, technology is so right today that eavesdropping and theft are growing problem for companies today. Further in the article it is utter that 60% of members of the Institute of Directors (IOD) have been victims of theft.Every medal has two sides, so does this one, it provides handful of opportunities for security companies to step in and offer their services in protecting other companies. According to Smoles articl e listening devices were found at around 5% of companies, in UK, that seek protection and security checks. Moreover, another commercial advantage of industrial espionage is that in the UK only if ? 10milion worth of listening devices has been sold, so that is nice business for companies selling those devices. It is important to add that nowadays information is vital to success on the market and brings companies required edge over competition.However, article also states that there are even some partially legal companies in the business of providing espionage services for other companies. Companies who manage to discover that their confidential information has been compromised usually take legal efforts to stop further loss of trade secrets (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ). Furthermore, law regulated consequences for companies answerable of industrial espionage range from injunctions for use of knowledge acquired through illegal ship canal to fining for damages, depending on the severances of the crime.Today industrial espionage is so widespread it is not just in the movies we watch, but it is a real threat to ethics of business (Smale, 2004). According to Symantec Company (2010), one of the leading world companies in protection against cybercrime, around two thirds of Internet users in the world have been victims of cybercrime. Furthermore, they claim that majority of people who become victims of cybercrime blame themselves for becoming victims of such act. Moreover, majority of victims state that they do not plan on changing their behavior and large portion never even reports the crime to the authorities.Researching awareness is very important, because awareness directly influences prevention of cybercrime. Methods Primary research part of this project consists of a survey, which was administrated online with the use of survey monkey an online survey tool. According to Trochim (2006) survey is one of the most valuable research methods. In this case surve y was chosen due to time constraints and the fact it can give the needful information from greater number of respondents. canvas targeted all ACMT students and power total of them 500, of which ne light speed responded to the survey. Respondents were all literate and educated enough, with no style barrier and surprisingly cooperative. The survey was created on January 21, 2011 and it consisted of sextetteteen closed-ended interrogations that would take no more than five minutes to answer. Goal behind such piddling survey was for the respondents not to lose interest towards the end and answer all headings. Survey was designed to test the general knowledge and awareness of the audition. A exemplification of the self-administrated online survey can be seen in Appendix B.Survey points head teacher 1. Please identify your gender. This first head was posed in order to gather background information about the experiment listening, to see what percentages of respondents were male and what percentage were female. distrust 2. Please select your age group. This enquiry also served to gather additional data about the type audience, to see what percentages of respondents belong to which of the four offered age groups. distrust 3. How much time do you occur in front of a computer on occasional basis?This incertitude was designed to see how much time respondents spend in front of their computers in order to investigate if there are any connections between the amount of time spent in such manner and knowledge about cybercrime issues. Question 4. For what purposes do you use computers and Internet? This gesture was designed to see for what purposes respondents use computers and the Internet, is it purely for business and teaching method or they use it for personal purposes as well. Question 5. Do you use Internet for any of the following?This drumhead is closely relate to the preceding(prenominal) question. It was designed to check for exactly what p ersonal or business purposes the seek audience uses Internet. From the data gathered it was affirmable to draw conclusions on how advanced is their practice of Internet possibilities and do they use it to full potential or just capture small portion of its possibilities. Question 6. gull you ever experienced problems with any of the following? This question was designed to see with what kind of Internet attacks respondents most often suffer from.Whether they are from viruses, spyware or hackers themselves. Question 7. What types of cybercrime can you name? This was the only question that was open-ended, but the respondents were required to name only cybercrime types they know. Regrettably the survey tool used is such that it is thinkable for respondents to skip questions and this question might be skipped by some. Question 8. Do you feel that you are protected enough against cybercrime? This question was designed to detect the general level of protection of respondents against cybercrime.To test if they feel vulnerable against cybercrime or they think they are protected enough against it. Question 9. Do you use any program to protect your Internet browsing? This question was posed to see if the stress audience is aware of the Internet threats and use programs specializedally designed to protect them while they are online. It doesnt test what program exactly they use but it just tests the general usage of such programs that protect its users from unwanted viruses and spyware. Question 10. Has your PC ever been infected by a virus that disgraced its components or stored data?This question is about connected to the previous question. It was designed to test if the take in audience ever came under attack from viruses that damaged their computers hardware or software and demoralize data. It does not measure what was damaged in the process or repletion of the damages, just the occurrence of the attack did it ever happen or not. Question 11. Have you ever been a victim of identity theft? This question was designed to see if any of the sample audience has ever been a victim of an identity theft fraud.It does not test the severity of the fraud or its depth and damages to the respondent only the occurrence of such action. Question 12. Do you know anyone who suffered from identity theft? This question completes the previous one it provides additional information about identity theft. It was presumed that only a couple of(prenominal) respondents suffered from identity theft I used this additional question to gather more information. Reasoning behind this was that some of the respondents at least know someone who suffered from identity theft. Question 13. Have you ever downloaded any textile from the Internet without paying for it?This question was used as a mark off question, posed in order to check validity of answers to other related items. Reasoning was that everyone has at some point in time downloaded something from the Internet without paying for it, especially in this time when downloading torrents are all present. Question 14. Have you ever mat up that your computer has been hacked? Hacking is one of more serious types of cybercrimes and it causes billions of dollars in damages each year. This question serves the purpose of gathering information on hacking attacks on any of the respondents in the survey.Although it is highly probable that a lot of the answers will be negative, since hackers rarely attack individuals due to low profit possibilities, it is possible to get relevant feedback from the data gathered Question 15. Have you ever sent spam mail? This item is a pretty straightforward question regarding spam mail. It was designed to test if anyone from sample audience sent some spam mail, e. g. if they forward popular discard mail on social networks, company mails etc. Question 16. Have you ever stolen someone elses work? (Intellectual property)This question was posed as another control question, to check validity of answers to other related items. Did they ever steal someone elses work, or take credit for something they did not do. Results Due to the limitations of the online tool used for the survey only one hundred people could respond to the internet survey. The survey was available online from January 21, 2011 until the February 3, 2011. This means that about 20% of all ACMT students and faculty responded to the online survey. Only ACMT members and staff had the opportunity to take part in the survey.For questions consult the Methods part of this project. Graphical representation of the results can be seen in Figures 1 through 15. Survey Results reply to question 1. Data gathered by the first item shows that 59 respondents or 59 % of the respondents were female and 41 respondents or 41% of the respondents were male. It needs to be noted that one must assume, when gathering the data by an internet-administered survey, that none of the respondents would feel the need to misrepresent themselves since they were given the option to remain completely anonymous. answer to question 2. As was to be expected, due to the fact that most of the population was consisted of students attending ACMT 83 people or 83% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 18 to 25. On the same question nine other people or 9% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 26 to 35, additionally four people or 4% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 36 to 45. Last four respondents or 4% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 46 to 70. repartee to question 3.On this question none of the respondents answered that they spend less than 30 minutes on their computers on daily basis. On the other hand five people or 5% of respondents tell that they spend someplace between 30 and 59 minutes on their computers on daily basis 22 people or 22% of respondents said that they spend one to two hours in front of their computers on daily bas is. volume of respondents or 37 of them or 37% of respondents claims that they spend somewhere between two to four hours on their computers on daily basis. bragging(a) portion of respondents or 36 of them or 36% of total sample audience answered that they spend more than four hours in front of their computers on daily basis. Response to question 4. When answering this question three respondents or 3% of respondents claimed that they use Internet only for personal purposes five of them or 5% of respondents answered that they use Internet for business and educational purposes. Majority of respondents 92 of them or 92% of respondents say that they use Internet for both personal and business/education purposes.Response to question 5. On this multiple pickax question 38 respondents or 38 % of respondents answered that online banking is one of the things they use Internet for 40 respondents or 40% of respondents answered that they use Internet for online shopping. Almost all of them or 98 or more precisely 98% of respondents use Internet for research and information gathering. E-mailing is another thing for which 98 people from the survey or 98% of respondents uses Internet for 65 respondents or 65% of sample audience claim that they use Internet for work.This question also had the option other providing the respondents with the possibility to write down additional things that they use the Internet for, which were not available among the offered options. Response to question 6. This was also a multiple choice question on which 95 people or 95% of respondents answered that they had problems with viruses on the same question 53 people or 53% of respondents answered that they had problems with spyware. Only 20 people or 20% of respondents answered that they had problems with hackers. Response to question 7.This open-ended question offered a possibility for the respondents to name any of the cybercrime types they know or heard of. almost of the examples they named w ere spam, identity theft, hacking, data theft, piracy, pecuniary fraud, child pornography, credit card frauds etc. Some people, not some of them, listed Trojan as cybercrime which is just a type of virus. Response to question 8. The data gathered shows that only 33 respondents or 33% of the sample feels protected enough against cybercrime. Majority of the respondents, 67 or 67% dont feel protected enough against cybercrime.Response to question 9. Majority of respondents 83 of them or 83% of total sample respondents answered that they use some kind of a program to protect them while they browse the Internet. untold smaller number or only 17 of them or 17% of total sample respondents dont use any program to protect their Internet browsing and frankincense are exposed to cybercrime. Response to question 10. The data gathered shows that 66 respondents or 66% of the sample express that they have experienced a virus that either damaged their computers components or data stored on it.O n the other hand 34 people or 34% of the sample audience claims that they never experienced situation such as that. Response to question 11. Only six people or 6% of the sample responded positively on this question and answered that they have been victim of some sort of identity theft. Majority of people 94 of them or 94% of the sample have never been victims of identity theft. Response to question 12. Data gathered shows that 50 respondents or 50% of the sample said that they know someone who has been a victim of identity theft. Same number of respondents answered that they didnt know anyone who has been a victim of identity theft.Response to question 13. A vast majority of respondents 94 of them or 94% of the sample audience responded positively and said that they have downloaded materials from Internet without paying for it. Only small portion of six people or 6% of respondents said that they have never downloaded any material from the Internet without paying for it. Response to question 14. In this question 31 people or 31% of respondents said that they have felt hacked at some point in time 69 people or 69% of respondents said that they have never felt hacked before.Response to question 15. Only 16 people or 16% of respondents answered that they have sent spam mail at some point in time. Majority of respondents 84 of them or 84% of respondents answered that they have never sent any spam mail. Response to question 16. On this question 12 people or 12% of all respondents answered positively and admitted of stealing someone elses work. Majority of respondents 88 of them or 88% of respondents said that they have never stolen someone elses work. DiscussionThe goal behind the research was to test the hypothesis that most of the people, although they spend a great make of time on their computers, are not aware of the dangers of cybercrime which often makes them victims and offenders as well when they download material. Research was conducted on sample group con sisting of students, faculty and staff members at ACMT. Data gathered through survey memorial tablet confirmed the thesis based on literature review, that public is not aware of all the dangers that cybercrime poses and the general lack of effort in transaction with it.Research conducted proved that in academic settings people are derail to spend more and more time on the Internet, often unaware of the dangers. Majority of respondents, while using the Internet for either personal or business needs, have at some point in time, encountered viruses or spyware that attacked their computer and put their data at risk. Whether they know any specific details of those cybercrimes or not, the survey did not test, rather it tested only if the sample audience is familiar with any cybercrime type. They could have experienced some of those cybercrimes on their own skin or just hear about them somewhere.To test their specific knowledge on each cybercrime subgroup more time was need and possibly another primary research type such as and in depth interview which could give more data but would also take much more time to answer, which was not possible with current time constraints. Even though one could uncertainty the depth of their knowledge of cybercrime issues, based on the survey results analysis, they obviously are aware of the fact that is stressed throughout professional literature reviewed for the purposes of this project, the fact that there is no program r measure that could completely protect against all types of cybercrime. Only thing that might protect us is rhytidoplasty awareness about cybercrime and the ways it works and the prevention strategies. To inform people about scams cybercriminals use, to help companies defend their data and accounts from intrusions, whether they are from an outside or an inside source. As it was previously mentioned one way to help protect your data and Internet browsing are antivirus and antispyware programs. Those programs det ect intrusions in the system and block or delete them and report back to the user.As research showed many individuals and companies use not only those programs but also seek additional ways of protection in form of firewalls etc. Firewalls in big companies are commonly built by IT experts who design the whole systems for companies trying to make the system unbreakable for all kind of intrusions, since today everything is stored on company servers. This is additionally confirmed by survey results even though more than 50% of respondents claimed to have antivirus protection their computer was attacked by viruses that corrupted their data.Like mentioned before cybercrime has far worse aspects to it than just viruses and spyware. Some types of cybercrime such as identity theft can completely ruin lives of individuals and all around them. People can get completely undone by it. Someone else passing as you is always terrible, let alone when that person has all of your personal informati on from social security number to access to all of your bank accounts etc. Luckily survey results showed that it is a rare occurrence in the academic settings in this part of the world, but one should be aware of the problems faced by people elsewhere.Increasing number of people is getting targeted by cybercriminals who are trying to steal their identities for their financial gain. Still, in analyzing survey results, it is quite important to stress possible factors that might influence the response rates, e. g. without knowing the extent of their knowledge on what identity theft is, there are two possible ways to interpret the low number of favorable answers. On the one hand, it might be interpreted by the lack of knowledge of all the subcategories concerned, on the other it might simply be the fact that the target audience has not encountered with identity theft.As stated in the research many people today tend to use internet to download data without paying for it. Research shows that industries such as movie or music industry are losing millions of dollars because of illegal downloads of their products from torrents which do not pay royalties to authors for usage of their material (Pichevin, 2010). Vast majority of respondents to the survey said that they tend to download material from the internet without paying for it. Like in every question so in this one there is a margin for error.Respondents might have thought that this question relates to any material they download from the internet so that fact might influenced on such majority of affirmative answers. On the other hand this is Croatia where laws against piracy exist, but implementation of such is difficult so people feel free to download material from the internet without being afraid of any legal action or consequence (Ministry of Economy, Labor and entrepreneurship, 2009). Another subtype of cybercrime in which cybercriminals get into is intellectual property theft. From companies coping brands to individuals taking credit for something that is not their own work.As stated in research intellectual property theft has cost companies around the world around $1 trillion in 2008 a number that is growing with each coming year. Research showed that very small percentage of the sample audience admits committing identity theft. That fact might be due to some irrational fear of being made, which is absurd since it is an anonymous survey with no names. Also they might have misunderstood the question, or are not sure in what exactly falls under the course of instruction of intellectual property. Academic dishonesty, which is monitored and punished, is another view of intellectual property that ACMT has. by chance the procedure implemented in academic honesty policy on ACMT influenced the answers given by the survey population. Examining the results of the online survey showed that the respondents, ACMT students and staff, are, to some extent, aware of the dangers of cybercrime. Althoug h the sample audience that responded to the survey might not all be IT experts, although some might, or legal advisors for that matter they have showed an understanding of cybercrime. The background of their knowledge is unknown and untested, but nonetheless its there.Whether it is due to their high education or self education on the matter through the internet they have shown they know a thing or two about cybercrime. Although they show some knowledge about cybercrime it is superficial and that they do not completely comprehend the dangers and some of them as research showed think they are untouchable by cybercrime. Research states that general public needs to be more educated on the matter to create awareness and thus increase the level of protection. Education is especially important in business/educational surroundings.

Ethical Delima

This fountain presents an ethical dilemma, a situation which arises when one essential choose mingled with mutually exclusive alternatives (Beauchamp& Walters, 2003). Decisions may direct results that argon desirable in some respects and undesirable in opposites. In Juanas gaucherie, her decision to fend the filiation transfusion had the desired outcome of allowing her to remain true to her ghostly beliefs. However, her excerption in addition resulted in her death. If she had followed the recommendation of the physicians and the team, the desirable outcome would have been practicable survival but would have had the undesired effect of violating her sacred principles.The major ethical dilemma was that by take noteing the uncomplainings self-sufficiency and spiritual beliefs, the physicians and interdisciplinary team were approach with compromising their incorrupt duty to conduct professional c atomic number 18 in accordance with established standards (Chua & Tham , 2006). A apprize review of the literature of Nursing Collection II Lippincott Nursing Journals (from Ovid) and CINAHL databases for the then(prenominal) 5 years found no evidence to support outgo consecrate for a Jehovahs Witness who is pregnant and has experienced blunt trauma.Healthcare providers faced with this situation have sometimes attempted to obtain court orders that would upset the patients decision and result in her submitting to recommended medical treatment. For example, the Illinois Supreme Court (Illinois v. Brown, 1996) upheld a mothers decision to refuse blood transfusions even though they were vital for both the mothers and foetus survival. The Patients Bill of Rights states that the health care providers certificate of indebtedness is to give patients accurate information and that patients must consent to treatment (New York State Department of Health, 2008).This is consistent with the Federal governments recommendations to name guidelines that assure he althcare quality and to reaffirm the slender role consumers comprise in safeguarding their own health, (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nursing pr work outice is governed by the patients right to autonomy rather than her religious beliefs (Levy, 1999). The first head in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses with Interpretative Statements (2001) addresses respect for military man dignityTruth telling and the do work of reaching informed choice underlie the exercise of self-determination, which is basic to respect for somebody Clients have the moral right to determine what will be done with their own person to be given accurate information, and all the information necessary for qualification informed judgments to be assisted with weighing the benefits and burdens of resources in their treatment to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without coercion and to be given necessary activated support (p. 1).However, it is difficult to witness death based on a persons decision to forgo care when medical options to sustain life are available. Treating this type of patient becomes particularly challenging when it involves two lives. fair play ethical motive To analyze this ethical dilemma, the principles of Western medicine and the religious beliefs of Jehovahs Witnesses were examined. The questions that surfaced were (a) how would the application of chastity morality provide insight into Juanas situation, (b) what were the ethical principles in conflict, and (c) why was it an secrete to administer a blood transfusion to Juana in an sine qua non situation.Volbrechts modeling for ethical analysis was utilized to address the clinical dilemma and the questions listed above. Virtue ethics was the primary possibility employed prior to the 17th century. This theory centers on shared familial and ethnic histories and religious traditions and acknowledges the communitys ability to identify, interpret, prioritize, an d counterbalance to moral subscribe toations within a particular context (Volbrecht, 2002). The following is an interpretation of this eluding according to lawfulness ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on what is morally correct from the patients viewpoint and centers on the patients autonomy.Actions and character are intertwined, and the ability to act morally is contingent on ones moral character and integrity. Virtue ethics focuses on the context of the situation (Volbrecht, 2002). Ethical analysis of virtue ethics entails (a) identifying the problem, (b) analyzing context, (c) exploring options, (d) applying the decision butt against, and (e) implementing the plan and evaluating results (Volbrecht, 2002). Identifying the problem Juana, a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, 32 weeks pregnant, was confused in a car accident. Internal bleeding to the thoracic or abdominal cavity was pretend.The stakeholders were the woman, her husband, the fetus, and the interdisciplinary healthcare te am. The team thought the dress hat method of treatment for this patient was to administer a blood transfusion and perform an emergency cesarean section. Both the patient and her husband refused this option because of their religious beliefs and provided written documentation indicating that the patient would not accept blood or blood products. The value issues were the physical survival of the woman and her fetus versus the womans religious integrity. Analyzing contextTo visualize the decision-making mental process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, compassion, and respect. The patients religious beliefs and how they influenced her decision must likewise be interpreted into consideration. Gardiner (2003) confirms that the ethical principles mentioned above influence ones choices. In Juanas case, the healthcare team suspected she was experiencing internal bleeding and that she and the fetus were in physiologic al distress. Juanas decision to balk the proposed treatment was based on her stated religious beliefs.The contextual factors of this case centered on the patients religious beliefs. The patient stated she would rather be embraced in the hollow bosom of Jehovah than to be condemned for all eternity, if she should run into a blood transfusion. Nurses draw from the code of ethics to reflect upon and understand the persons perspective, and to honor her wishes. The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the singularity of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature of the health problem (ANA, 2001, p.1). To respect the patients decision and honor her dignity, validating care was provided to the patient in an effort to save her life, while at the same time respecting her wishes. The ANA Code of Ethics supports the point of view that healthcare providers should respect patients wishes and decisions despi te their own personal beliefs (ANA, 2001). Applying an ethical decision process Looking finished the lens of virtue ethics, the caregivers focused on Juanas autonomy and her right to choose what she perceived best in spite of the possible outcomes.Juana was a competent, pregnant woman who made informed decisions not to watch blood transfusions or a caesarean section. Based on virtue ethics, the healthcare providers respected the patients autonomy by reflecting on and honoring the decision of the patient and her husband based on her religious values and beliefs. The healthcare providers also drew on the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the healthy-being of others. In this case, the well-being was not physiological but spiritually oriented.The principle of nonmaleficence was also employed by not intentionally inflicting harm on the patient and honoring her wishes. Violation of a clients deeply held beliefs is a form of doing harm. (Leonard & Plotnikoff, 2000). T hey also drew from the principles of veracity and respect, which entail being truthful to the patient and allowing her to contain an informed decision (Volbrecht, 2002). The nursing virtues of compassion, moral courage, and self-reliance also tolerate to an understanding of this situation. Evaluating resultsAt the time this clinical situation presented itself there were no unique(predicate) guidelines in the institution for dealing with the dilemma presented by this case. However, there are guidelines for Jehovahs Witnesses specifically geared to early identification and management of gynecological patients. For example, in Australasia, there are specific guidelines for treating pregnant women that focus on alter the patient by using traditional and new treatment modalities to agree patient ineluctably, particularly for Jehovahs Witnesses or other patients who decline blood transfusions (Womens Hospitals Australasia, 2005).For prenatal patients, the guidelines focus on early identification of Jehovahs Witnesses during prenatal visits, as well as placing these patients on a superior risk protocol, including maintenance of high hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, having improvement directives completed, and establishing affiliations with other hospitals that are well-equipped and staffed to meet these patients needs (Womens Hospitals Australasia, 2005). The Hartford Hospital in Connecticut has a equivalent architectural plan and also performs bloodless procedures on patients who are Jehovahs Witnesses (Miller, 1996).As a result of Juanas case being reviewed by the ethics committee post-mortem, a risk-management protocol was develop requiring patients who refuse blood transfusions to sign a waiver that removes the legal responsibility for the decision from the hospital and caregivers. To support this type of protocol, the Society for the Advancement of consanguinity Management maintains a database of hospitals that provide blood-conserving services in the United States as well as in Canada, Chile, Korea, and South Africa (Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, 2008).The problem, however, in an emergency situation is that it may not be possible to render the patient to a participating hospital. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (2004) recommends that advance directives and other legal papers be in place should an emergency arise. These documents should be easily accessible so that healthcare providers can honor the patients directives. In so doing, they will be applying the theory of virtue ethics and, therefore, respect the patients wishes (Macklin, 2003).Healthcare providers should practise beneficence and non-maleficence without imposing their beliefs as to the right matter to do. More explicit and universal guidelines would benefit both patients and providers when faced with similar ethical dilemmas. Conclusion In nursing practice, cases of patients refusing blood transfusions or other interventions are becom ing more common. Therefore, content regarding ethical issues, such as Juanas case, needs to be integrated into nursing curricula and the clinical arena.Nursing educators who incorporate bioethics into critical thinking in clinical decision making situations can posit novice and experienced nurses to handle complex ethical dilemmas, such as described in this paper. The learning process may be facilitated through integrating lectures with case studies and utilizing patient simulators to further enhance the learning process (Larew et al. , 2006).These teaching approaches would provide the opportunity to expose nurses to scenarios of acute patients where they can substitute in a safe environment, which in turn would decrease their care and promote learning. Nurse educators can further facilitate the learning process by providing clinical experiences with diverse patient populations in a cast of settings followed by discussion of actual clinical experiences, ethical issues, and debri efing (Larew et al. , 2006).Nursing talent have an ethical responsibility to prepare competent nurses and facilitate act education that will help nurses recognize ethical dilemmas in practice and apply ethical principles in trying to resolve them. The focus in practice, education, and research must be on providing care that respects patients cultural beliefs and autonomy. Nursing educators should place equal emphasis on ethics in order to provide the best holistic care possible. To do anything else is a disservice both to the profession and to our patients.